1. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Article Level Metrics Looking Backwards / Looking Forwards Pete Binfield Co-Founder and Publisher PeerJ The PLOS ALM Workshop 10/10/2013 @ThePeerJ https://peerj.com @p_binfield pete@peerj.com

2. Academic Publishing is Evolving… YearPubsNotes 20071,200 Larger than ~ 95% of all journals 20082,800Largest OA journal in world 20094,4003 rd largest journal in world 20106,750Largest journal in world 201113,800~1.4% of PubMed output in that year 201223,500~2.4% of PubMed output in that year 2013~31,000>3% of the literature PLOS ONE Quarterly Published Output

3. http://figshare.com/articles/Scale_of_OA_Publishing/650794 Stacked area graph of the contribution of major ‘APC’ OA publishers (articles per year)

4. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Screenshot from ~ Nov 2009 but Way Back Machine has examples from April 2008 PLOS Didn’t Invent Article Level Metrics

5. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Launched in May 2007 http://journalofvision.org/7/7/i/ http://www.slideshare.net/PLoS/niso-article-level-metrics-presentation-for-online-2

6. Academic Publishing is Evolving… June 2007

7. Academic Publishing is Evolving… ~ May 2009 (NISO presentation) http://www.slideshare.net/PLoS/niso-article-level-metrics-presentation-for-online-2

8. Academic Publishing is Evolving… So How Did We Get Here:

9. Academic Publishing is Evolving…

10. Bill Hooker, Sep 30 th 2008. In Comments on http://thewobblingmind.wordpress.com/2008/08/31/feasibility-of-plos- ones-peer-review-model/ http://thewobblingmind.wordpress.com/2008/08/31/feasibility-of-plos- ones-peer-review-model/

11. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing)

12. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing)

13. Academic Publishing is Evolving… A test ALM Email was sent to Authors, in ~ August 2008 at which point PLOS ONE had published ~3,100 articles The mailing was merged to all corresponding authors whose articles exceeded certain thresholds for having ALMs to report on We provided info which was scraped / obtained from Google Scholar Google Analytics PLOS Commenting functionality CiteULike Google News Response was 100% positive – giving us reassurance about messaging Testing the Concept August 2008

14. Academic Publishing is Evolving…

15. Presentation at Raleigh, November 2008

16. Academic Publishing is Evolving… http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2009/03/article-redesign-on-plos-journals/ http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2009/03/article-redesign-on-plos-journals/ Mar 31 st 2009. It wasn’t called ALMs in this ‘official’ post…

17. Academic Publishing is Evolving… http://www.myplick.com/user/PLoS http://blogs.plos.org/everyone/2009/03/31/newly-launched- features-on-our-online-platform/ 1 st use of the phrase by us? http://everyone.plos.org/2009/03/31/newly-launched-features-on-our-online-platform/ Possible first public use of the phrase ‘article level metrics’ by PLOS

18. Academic Publishing is Evolving…

19. http://www.slideshare.net/PLoS/niso-article-level- metrics-presentation-for-online-2?from_search=27 May 2009 to NISO

20. Academic Publishing is Evolving… http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2009/09/article-level-metrics-at-plos-addition-of-usage-data/ http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2009/09/article-level-metrics-at-plos-addition-of-usage-data/ and http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2009/03/plos-journals-upgrade-to-topaz-092/ by Rich Cave Sept 16 th 2009. Note: it was now called ALMs…http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2009/03/plos-journals-upgrade-to-topaz-092/

21. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Any Effects?

22. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing)

23. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Michael Habib, Elsevier, Oct 2009

24. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing)

25. Academic Publishing is Evolving… “This paper is featured in a commentary in the Journal of XXX and has been evaluated as “must read” by XXX for the Faculty of 1000 Biology.” “Top downloaded paper in XXX in 2011” “PLoS ONE metrics show that this article had 6,358 online views and 1,318 downloads within 3 months of publication. These compare with annual average life-time views of papers ranging from 400 to 2,800 in all PLoS journals, and 600 in PLoS ONE. In early December 2011, its usage was 10,400 versus an average of 900/paper for the journal. It is the 3 rd most highly cited paper amongst the XXX papers in the journal.“ Quotes from 3 Resumes (in the Last Few Days) Note: No one ever mentions tweets, likes, bookmarks etc…

26. Academic Publishing is Evolving… http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/articles/10.1038/nj7463-491a

27. Academic Publishing is Evolving…

28. Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing)

29. Academic Publishing is Evolving… http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2013/09/03/what-does-a-scientist-want/#comment-109084

30. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Looking Forwards

31. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Have they fulfilled their original aims?

32. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing)

33. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Is Anyone Using them Fully?

34. Academic Publishing is Evolving… To What Extent Are We Talking To Ourselves?

35. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Is this the best usage display we can do? c.f. Frontiers in 2008…

36. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Why has no publisher equaled / surpassed this?

37. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Access to the Data?

38. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Internal to PLOS Mid-2008 (thanks to J Lin for providing) Science Online Jan 2010 What Is STILL Missing?

39. Academic Publishing is Evolving… Thank You Pete Binfield Co-Founder and Publisher @p_binfield pete@peerj.com @ThePeerJ