1. IRS: A journey from National to International Mission for E.O.
Dr. Murthy Remilla
Deputy Director, Business Development
Antrix Corporation Limited, India

2. INDIAN TRYST WITH THE CONCEPT OF REMOTE SENSING
“Aakramya Vaajin Pruthiveem agnimiccha, ruchaatvam Bhoomyaa vrutvaaya no broohi yataha Khanaama,tam Vayam”
(Tattireeya Samhitaa, 4.1.2)
Prayer to an angel, ‘Vaajin’ which has three characteristics viz.,
(i) Capability to fly in the sky,
(ii) capability to release a beam of rays, and
(iii) capability to walk on the earth
There, he prays to the angel that:
it should fly first in the sky
spread a beam of rays onto the earth and identify the location of the clay, and then
walk over the earth at the identified location and confirm the place where the seeker has to conduct digging for the required clay

3. Contineous advances in Indian Sensor Technology
Bhaskara-1 & 2
Earth Observation Sensor Development
Microwave
Optical
Microwave
TVPayload
Frame imager
341*341 Sq M
1Km GSD
Two Spectral bands
Intensifier coupled SUPER Vidicon
Refractive optics
SAMIR
Dicke Radiometer
3 frequencies
19.35,22.35 and 31 GHz
Km GSD
1500 Km swath
Forerunners to Operational Remote Sensing Missions- IRS series

4. IRS - Currently Operational Satellites
Cartosat-1,
( IRS-P5) 2005
2.5m STEREO IMAGING
TES
PANCHROMATIC
~ 1m RESOLUTION
RESOURCESAT-1, 2003
PAN 5.8m
LISS 23
WIFS 140 m
Oceansat-2,2009
OCM, SCATTEROMETER, ROSA
Cartosat-2 & 2A (2007/08)
PANCHROMATIC
1m RESOLUTION
MX 36 m
HYSI 64 BANDS
IMS-1, 2008

5. 1996: IRS – International Take Off
Agreement with EOSAT for reception of IRS-1B at Norman, OK, USA
Continued with SI for global marketing of IRS data
Global availability of IRS
Added IRS-1C/1D and later IRS-P6

6. 1999 : Germany: The Follow On
GAF/Euromap, Germany started IRS-1C/1D in 1998/99
Continued for Resourcesat-1 (2005)
Added Cartosat-1 (2007)
Eagerly waiting for Resourcesat-2
A real source for highly useful feedback
IRS in European projects:
GMES: Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
Image2009: Wall to wall coverage of Europe
AMSC: Agricultural Monitoring and Subsidy Control
Farm star Campaign
FLTS agreement

7. IRS in Europe GAF/Euromap, Germany started IRS-1C/1D in 1998/99
Ortho processing
Data provision
User
EEA
Part of
Data funded by
GAF/Euromap, Germany started IRS-1C/1D in 1998/99
Continued for Resourcesat-1 (2005)
Added Cartosat-1 (2007)
Eagerly waiting for Resourcesat-2
A real source for highly useful feedback
IRS in European projects:
GMES: Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
Image2009: Wall to wall coverage of Europe
AMSC: Agricultural Monitoring and Subsidy Control (crop type over 249 HR sites scattered across Europe )
Farm star Campaign
FLTS agreement
JRC Unit
EEA = European Environmental Agency
I:\euromap\Projects\2008\ESA_CM_ _ITT\WP\41,000\Management_Report\Mosaic\country_mosaics_for_report\ 7

8. Expansion to new Geographies
Thailand – GISTDA received and distributed IRS-1C/1D
Iran – a turnkey ground station, 1C/1D, P6,P5 since 2002
Algeria-turnkey project – R1
Australia – R
IRS Main uses in Australia :
Drought monitoring
Forest fire monitoring
Land use mapping
Flood mapping
China : R1-2006
Crop acreage monitoring by remote sensing based on IRS-P6
Land use remote sensing monitoring of Cities
Wheat and corn yield estimation
Forest surveys
Case study: Queensland floods

9. Land use studies in China- Resourcesat-1
Figure 3. changing patterns
( ) in Huaiyuan county
Figure 1. image of 2006
Figure 2. image of 2008

10. Surveying and Mapping in most parts of China (1:25000 )
IRS C1 in China
(2008)
Surveying & Mapping
Land Use Monitoring
Agriculture
City planning
Area: >50000km2
Scale: 1:50000,1:10000
USER: Geomatics Center of China，
Sichuan Province
Year:
Surveying and Mapping in most parts of China (1:25000 )

11. Athens
2.5m 11

12. Durban
2.5m 12

13. Lisbon, 2.5m 13

14. USDA-FAS Program …. Major user of IRS IN USA
Participating agencies:
National Agricultural Statistics Service
Foreign Agricultural Service
Farm Service Agency
Natural Resource Conservation Service
Risk Management Agency
US Forest Service
Animal Plant Health Inspection Service
Agricultural Research Service
Data supply to USDA
Purchased primarily Landsat data prior to 2006
Primarily Resourcesat data in 2006, 2007, 2008,2009, 2010 and continuing
USDA Data Holdings

15. C1 Mono data + R1 Mx: Environmental Analysis
IRS applications in S. Korea (through M/s GeoInfotech Innovation, Seoul Since 2007)
C1 Mono data + R1 Mx: color image map for site selection of electronic transport towers in Africa
C1 Mono data + R1 Mx: Environmental Analysis
C1 stereo data – Mapping inaccessible areas in and out of Korea for construction monitoring, scale – 1: 25,000 + DEM generation
Merging C1 + Rapid Eye for color Image mapping , scale: 1:25,000

16. World’s best resolution OCM from Oceansat-1
Fire Detection using Oceansat-1 OCM
Tie-up with SeaSpace
Peak of 8 stations
4 in USA, Germany,
Spain, Thailand,
Malaysia
Oceansat-2
Clouds
Pt. Conception LA
Area detail of Fallbrook showing smoke plumes due to brush fires. These fires resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in property.
OCM RGB Color Composite - urban fires in Fallbrook (North of San Diego, S. California U.S.)
February 10, 2002
Clouds

17. 2008: Beginning of Antrix 2.0 for IRS
2008 special year:
Snapping tie-up with SI
Marketing on own
New Geographic expansion
Entry to Australia
New Bird in the Sky - Cartosat-2
Commissioning of Algerian Station on a turn-key basis :
C2 to 3- Eagle Vision stations
New resellers in the network
Oceansat-2 agreement with SeaSpace
Expanding interest in Cartosat-1 & 2

18. Hyderabad, India -1m

19. Perth, Australia -1m

20. IRS - Answering the User needs ?
Application
Required ground Resolution
Nearest available IRS sensor and resolution
Onboard IRS Satellite
Land use/Land cover/ forestry studies at regional level
30 m or better, mono
WIFS / AWIFS – 180/56 m
(Wide Filed Sensor, WiFS Advanced WiFS
IRS-1C/D &
Resourcesat-1
Land use/Land cover/forestry studies at National level
20 m or better, mono
LISS-3, 23m (Linear Imaging Self Scanner)
Land use/Land cover/forestry studies at local level
5m or better, Mono
LISS-4 (Mono)
Zonation, cadastre and tax assessments
1m - 5m , Mono & MS
PAN-A/B 2.5m; LISS-4 Mono 5.8m; LISS-4 Mx, 5.8
Cartosat-1, Resourcesat-1
Crop health/yield monitoring, inventory and yield assessment
2-20 m , MS
PAN-A/B ,2.5 m ;LISS-4 Mx, 5.8 m
Urban utility /infrastructure planning
1- 10m , MS
Oceanographic applications & ocean studies
500m or better
Ocean Color Monitor ( OCM) of Oceansat-1, 360m
OCEANSAT-1/2
High end defence intelligence like flight detection & identification
Better than 1m, Mono
PAN
Cartosat-2
Microwave applications
SAR data
Multi-resolution 3-50 m C Band SAR imagery
RISAT-1, 2011.

21. Increasing Thirst for High Resolution
target
Detection (m)
Identification (m)
Precise Id (m)
Description (m)
Tech. analysis (m)
Urban areas 60 30 3
0.75
Ports & Harbours 15 6
0.3
Railroad, yards & shops
15-30
1.5
0.4
Coasts & long beaches
4.5
0.15
Surface ships
0.6
0.045
submarines
7.5-30 1
0.03
7.5-15
0.015
troop units
2.0
1.2
bridges
Aircraft
Missiles (SSM/SAM)
Radar
Rockets & Artillery
0.05
Ref: Sentinels rising : Lt Col Larry K Grundhauser, USAF
Global political security situations & frame works - dual use systems

22. International Acceptance of IRS
20 IGSs, 20- Resellers, 5 continents, 70 countries

23. Assurance of Continuity
Megha-Tropieques
MADRAS, SAPHIR,SCARAB
Assurance of Continuity
INSAT-3D
1km resolution VHRR constant monitoring
cloud cover, temperature & precipitation
SARAL
KA band Altimeter
ARGOS data relay system
RESOURCESAT-2
Follow-on of Resourcesat-1
Enhanced payloads

24. RESOURCESAT-2
Continuity of operational services of R1 to both National & International Users
Three Payloads
LISS-4 Mx camera with 70 Kms swath
LISS-3 with improved radiometric resolution
AWiFS with improved radiometry
Launch schedule: Q1-2011 24

25. RISAT-1 Orbit : 6 am / 6 pm polar sun Synchronous Altitude : 536.38 Km
SAR PAYLOAD : C-Band (5.8 GHz)
Active Phased Array Antenna Technology
SAR operating
modes : CRS, MRS, FRS, HRS
Resolution Swath
CRS : 50 m kms
MRS : 25 m kms
FRS : 3 to 6 m kms
HRS : 1 to 2 m km x 10 km
Data rate : 640 Mbps
SSR : 240 Gbits
P/L Opn duration : 12 mins per orbit
Satellite mass : 1850 Kgs
Life : 5 years 25

26. CARTOSAT-3A & 3B PAN: 0.5m Resolution, 15Km Swath
Advanced Cartosat
PAN: 0.5m Resolution, 15Km Swath
MX: 2m Resolution, 15Km Swath
DATA Rate: 12.5 Gbps
Data Transmission (Ka band): 1.6 Gbps
S/C Mass: 1500 Kg
Power: 1200 Watts
CARTOSAT-3A Launch by 2013.
Technology Development 26

27. GEO-HR-IMAGING SATELLITE
High resolution multi-spectral VNIR : 50m Resolution in 4 bands.
Hyper spectral VNIR : 320m Resolution in 60 bands.
Hyper spectral SWIR : 192m Resolution in 150 bands.
High resolution Multi-spectral : 1.5km Resolution in 3 bands.
Data Rate : 200 Mbps
Data Transmission : Ku band
S/C Mass : 2270 Kg (S/C Dry Mass 850 Kg + PAM G 453 Kg + Propellant 967 Kg )
Power : 1600 Watts
Launch by GSLV : 27

28. HYPER SPECTRAL IMAGER SATELLITE
50 M RESOLUTION, 30 KM Swath in
VNIR ( NM) with 64 bands
SWIR ( NM) with 64 bands
TOTAL DATA RATE : 350 MBPS
SPACECRAFT MASS : KG.
Main Frame Similar To SARAL Bus.
ORBIT : 500 KM POLAR SUN-SYNCHRONOUS.
LAUNCH BY PSLV BY
PROVIDES CAPABILITY TO DETECT CAMOUFLAGE, DECOY AND CHEMICAL SPECIES.
SPECTROMETER
DETECTOR
FORE-OPTICS THREE MIRRO R TELE SCOPE
SLIT
CON VEX
GRATING
Ray Diagram of Optics 28

29. Thank You for Your Attention MurthyRemilla@antrix.gov.in
TWENTY 20 …. and Counting !
Thank You for Your Attention