1. 90198Describe the market Achievement Criteria Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence Describe the market and market equilibrium. Describe the market and explain market equilibrium. Describe the market and fully explain market equilibrium.

2. 90198 The Market (a) Describe what a market is. A place or situation where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services. (b) Describe why the work that Steven and Rachel do on their bathroom is considered to be non-market. AME Correct definition. AME Correct description including no payment OR no exchange. The work Steven and Rachel do is non- market because there is no payment involved for their time and skills/no exchange is taking place. This is DIY (Do it yourself)

3. (c) Explain why there is still a cost involved even when it is a non-market activity. There is an opportunity cost involved in DIY activities. For example the time that Steven and Rachel at working on their bathroom they could have been earning money in their jobs; or they could have spent the time doing a leisure activity. AME Opportunity cost explained 90198 The Market

4. (a) Describe the form of exchange which is taking place between Steven and Henare. Barter AME Correct term (b) Explain TWO disadvantages of this form of exchange. Barter requires a double coincidence of wants which means that when each person must have what the other person wants. There is not a common measure of value so it is difficult to price goods or services in terms of other goods or services. AME Explains two valid disadvantag es of barter 90198 The Market

5. (c) Describe TWO types of markets from which Steven and Rachel could purchase bathroom products. Retail store, Trademe, second hand goods from recycling depot, garage sale. AME Any two (d) Identify the FOUR Functions of Money. Medium of exchange Standard of value Store of value Means of deferred payment AME 3 correct 90198 The Market

6. (e) Explain TWO of the Functions of Money Medium of exchange: enables goods and services to be traded without the need to establish a double coincidence of wants. Standard of value: enabling different goods and services to be valued in a common currency e.g dollars and cents. Store of value: money holds its value over time so people can hold some of their wealth in the form of money. Means of deferred payment: enables debts to be settled at a later date. AME Explains two functions of money. 90198 The Market

7. (a) Complete the diagram Offer and Acceptance Consideration Intention No duress AME Two required 90198 The Market

8. (b) Refer to the contract Steven and Rachel have made with Perfect Plumbing Ltd to explain TWO elements of a valid contract. Steven and Rachel accepted the offer by Perfect Plumbing Ltd to supply plumbing services. There was an intention to create a legal relationship. The consideration of $55 per hour was acceptable to Steven and Rachel and Perfect Plumbing Ltd so something of value was exchanged. Steven and Rachel and the manager from Perfect Plumbing Ltd were capable of making a contract – they were not drunk, bankrupt, insane, and they were old enough. There was no duress and consent was given by signing the document. The provision of plumbing services is a legal activity. AME Two elements explained. (Some variation from the evidence provided may occur). Reference must be made to the contract in the resource material. 90198 The Market

9. (c) Identify TWO guarantees the Consumer Guarantees Act 1993 provides for services. Services are carried out with reasonable skill and care and no damage is caused. They will provide what the consumer wants and that they are fit for the purpose. The job will be completed within a reasonable time. If the price has not been agreed to beforehand, buyers need only pay what is reasonable. (d) The shower mixer unit purchased from Plumbing Suppliers did not work properly once it was installed. Describe THREE rights Steven and Rachel have. AME Two guarantees identified. AME 2/3 rights described. The mixer unit should be Repaired Replaced Or a refund provided. 90198 The Market

10. (a) Identify the type of competition indicated in the advertisement. Non-price competition (b) Identify TWO advantages and ONE disadvantage of this type of competition for producers. AME Correct form of competition AME One advantage and one disadvantage identified. Advantages of non-price competition for a supplier:  Increase the demand for the product/  Increase in sales and profits  Increase in market share without reducing the price of the product to compete. 90198 The Market Disadvantages: Higher selling costs due to increased advertising.

11. (a) (i) Equilibrium Price (ii)Equilibrium Quantity (i)$3000 (ii)15 spa baths (b) (i) Show the change that would occur if Spa Baths were no longer desirable in a bathroom. A2ME Both correct AME Demand curve shifted left and labelled 90198 The Market (ii) Label the new equilibrium price (P1) and (Q1). AME correctly identified and labelled D’ S Q P D P1 Q1

12. (c) (i) As a result of the change there is now an excess... Supply (ii) Fully explain how the market will react in the situation identified in (c)(i), to restore equilibrium. A1M1E Correct term A1M1E Three valid points. All four points  The decrease in demand will result in an excess of supply.  Producers will lower their prices and supply less.  As price decreases quantity demanded will increase.  Equilibrium will eventually be restored at a lower price. 90198 The Market

13. S D (a) Show the effect of the $1000 subsidy on the market for solar water heating installation. Indicate the new equilibrium price (P2) and quantity (Q2) using dotted lines. A2M2E Supply curve shifted down by $1000 Supply curve shifted to down. New price and quantity labelled. 90198 The Market Price $ 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0100200300400500600Quantity Q2 P2 S’

14. (c) State the total amount of subsidy paid by the government? Revenue before the subsidy: $3000 x 300 = $900,000 Revenue after the subsidy: $3500 x 350 = $1,225,000 Therefore the change is $325,000 A2M2E Correct calculation with working. 90198 The Market AME Correct calculation (b) Calculate the change in total revenue as a result of the subsidy. (Show your working) $1000 x 350 = $350,000

15. 90198 The Market AME M for 6(a) & (b), A for 6(c)

16. (d) Fully explain why the government provides a subsidy on the installation of solar water heating. The government provides a subsidy to  decrease the costs of production and to reduce the price to consumers.  this is to encourage consumers to purchase more of the good.  in the case of the installation of solar water heating, the subsidy is to encourage more consumers to be less reliant on other forms of energy to heat water. A2M2E A subsidy is provided to decrease the costs of production A subsidy is provided to decrease the costs of production and reduce price to consumers. As for Merit plus relating to solar water heating installation. 90198 The Market

17. JUDGEMENT Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence 10 x A or better4 x M, and 10 more A, M, E 1 x E 5 x M, and 10 more A, M, E 90198Describe the market