1. The Preterite Il Passato Prossimo

2. PresentePassato Prossimo I eat pizza on Fridays.I ate pizza on Fridays. We watch football with friends. We watched football with friends. They go to the mall after school. They went to the mall after school. We hear the music from the party. We heard the music from the party.

3. Some important terms  The Auxiliary Verb/Helping Verb: when using the past tense of verbs, each verb requires a helping verb.  The Past Participle: -ato/-uto/-ito = your past tense ending (similar to the “–ed” in English).

4. How do we talk about events that have already occurred, in Italian? Helping Verb + The Past Participle Mangiare: to eat Io mangio: I eat Io ho mangiato: I ate

5. When do we use “essere” as a helping verb? Ritornare (to return)H x Uscire (to exit)Andare (to go) Nascere (to be born)Diventare (to become) Salire (to climb)Cadere (cramps) Tornare (to return)Rimanere (to remain) Essere (to be)Arrivare (to arrive) Venire (to come)Morire (to die) ‘Scendere (to descend)Partire (to leave) Stare (to stay)

6. When do we use “avere” as a helping verb? All other verbs take “avere” as a helping verb!

7. Steps to conjugating 1. Check your acronym (Run Steve’s Had Cramps). Is the verb on there? Yes? – use “essere” as a helping verb. No? – use “avere” as a helping verb. 2. Chop off the –are and add –ato, -ere and add –uto, or –ire and add –ito.

8. Example We went to school at 4:00. 1. andare (to go) – on Run Steve’s Had Cramps? Yes. 2. Noi siamo 3. andare andato 4. Noi siamo andato a scuola alle quattro.

9. Dormire: to sleep I slept late. 1. 2. 3. 4.

10. Leggere: to read I read at home. 1. 2. 3. 4.

11. Ballare: to dance We danced at the party. 1. 2. 3. 4.