1. Excel Features That Would Help You Prepare Class Result

2. What is it: This material is developed to help DE candidate use Excel program to prepare class result. Target audience: Anyone who have basic knowledge of spreadsheets. Duration: 3 - 4 hours to walk through the explanations and give everyone a chance to actually practice. INTRODUCTORY NOTE Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education1

3. 1.Cells 2.Moving around a spreadsheet with Ctrl, Shift, and Arrow keys 3.Relative, absolute and mixed reference 4.Ranges and Union 5.Formula 6.Function 7.SUM function TERMS AND FUNCTION Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education2 8. AVERAGE function 9. AND and OR functions 10 COUNT and COUNTIF functions 11. ROUND function 12. IF function 13. MAX and MIN function 14. RANK function

4. A spreadsheet is the computer equivalent of a paper ledger sheet which consists of a grid made from columns and rows Spreadsheet - cells Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 3 Spreadsheets are made up of Columns (are lettered A to Z and then continue with AA, AB, AC and so on) Rows ( are numbered 1 to 1,048,576) and their intersections are called cells In the figure, the cell selected is D14

5. Moving around the spreadsheet Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 4 You can move around the spreadsheet in number of ways F5 – “Go To” key To go to J3 1.Press F5. The Go To dialog box opens. 2.Type J3 in the Reference field. 3.Press Enter. Excel moves to cell J3. You can get the same on pressing ctrl + G

6. Moving around…… continued Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 5 The Name Box You can also use the Name box to go to a specific cell. Just type the cell you want to go to in the Name box and then press Enter To go to cell K15 1. Type K15 in the name box 2.Press Enter. Excel moves to cell K15. Name box

7. References Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 6 With relative cell addressing, when you copy a formula from one area of the worksheet to another, Excel records the position of the cell relative to the cell that originally contained the formula. e.g. A12, B12 With absolute cell addressing, when you copy a formula from one area of the worksheet to another, Excel references the same cells, no matter where you copy the formula. e.g. $A$12, $B$12 You can use mixed cell addressing to keep the row constant while the column changes, or vice versa e.g. $A12, A$12 F4 key toggles through the different address

8. Range & Union reference Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 7 A range reference refers to all the cells between and including the reference. A range reference consists of two cell addresses separated by a colon. reference A1:B3 includes cells A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 A union reference includes two or more references. A union reference consists of two or more numbers, range references, or cell addresses separated by a comma. reference A7,B8:B10,C9,10 refers to cells A7, B8 to B10, C9 and the number 10.

9. Formula Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 8 Formulas are equations that perform calculations on values in your worksheet. A formula starts with an equal sign (=). A formula can also contain any or all of the following: functions, references, operators, and constants (1) Function (2) Reference (4) Constant (3) Operator

10. Operator and Constant Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 9 operators A sign or symbol that specifies the type of calculation to perform within an expression. There are mathematical, comparison, logical, and reference operators. constant: A value that is not calculated and, therefore, does not change. e.g. 210 ^ Exponent / Div * Multipy + Add - Sub These operator have a precedence given by BEDMAS

11. Functions Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 10 A prewritten formula that takes a value or values, performs an operation, and returns a value or values. Values that function takes are arguments. Use functions to simplify and shorten formulas on a worksheet, especially those that perform lengthy or complex calculations. Function_name(arguments) e.g. SUM() AVERAGE() MAX() MIN() COUNT() COUNTIF() AND() OR() IF() RANK()

12. SUM() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 11 Adds all the numbers in a range of cells. SUM(number1,number2,...) Number1, number2,... are 1 to 255 arguments for which you want the total value or sum. SUM(C2:G2) Calculates the total marks obtained by Pema.

13. AVERAGE() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 12 Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. AVERAGE(number1,number2,..) Number1, number2,... are 1 to 255 numeric arguments for which you want the average. AVERAGE(C2:G2) calculates the average marks of Pema.

14. AND() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 13 Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more argument is FALSE. AND(logical1,logical2,...) Logical conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. AND(C2<40, D2<40) checks whether Pema is failing in both ENG and DZO. If he failing, it return TRUE Otherwise, it will return FALSE.

15. OR() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 14 Returns TRUE if any argument are TRUE; returns FALSE if all the argument are FALSE. AND(logical1,logical2,...) OR(C2<40, D2<40) checks whether Pema is failing in ENG or in DZO. If he failing one of the two, it return TRUE If he not failing in any, it return FALSE.

16. COUNT() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 15 This function counts the number of numeric entries in a list. It will ignore blanks, text and errors. COUNT(Range1,Range2,... Range255) COUNT(A2:A6) Counts the cells from A2 to A6 with Numeric entries and returns the count

17. COUNTIF() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 16 Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria. COUNTIF(range, criteria) Criteria is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that defines which cells will be counted. COUNTIF(C2:C6, “<40”) returns number of student scoring < 40 in DZO COUNTIF(D2:D6, “>78”) returns number of student scoring >78 in ENG

18. ROUND() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 17 Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. ROUND(number, num_digits) Number is the number you want to round. Num_digits specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number. ROUND(I2, 0) rounds 49.6 to 0 digits after decimal and returns 50 What would the following return? ROUND(I2, -1) ROUND(I2, -2)

19. IF() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 18 Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and another value if it evaluates to FALSE. Use IF to conduct conditional tests on values and formulas. IF(logicaltest, valueiftrue, valueiffalse) If(C2<40, “Fail in DZO”, “Pass in DZO”) checks if mark in DZO < 40, if TRUE it returns Fail in DZO otherwise it returns Pass in DZO Note: we can also use a function inside a Function. In this case, it is called NESTING

20. MAX() & MIN() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 19 Returns the largest value in a set of values. MAX(number1,number2,...) Number1, number2,... are 1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value. MAX(C2:C6) calculates the maximum marks obtained in DZO MIN(D2:D6) calculates the maximum marks obtained in ENG

21. RANK() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 20 Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers. You can also find the position of the student in a class provided you exclude the failed ones from the reference. RANK(number, ref, order) Number is the number whose rank you want to find. Ref is an array of, or a reference to, a list of numbers. Nonnumeric values in ref are ignored. Order is a number specifying how to rank number. If order is 0 (zero) or omitted, list sorted in descending order. If order is any nonzero value, list sorted in ascending order.

22. RANK() function Developed by Tandin Penjor, Lecturer, Samtse College of Education 21 RANK(I2, $I$2:$I$6, 0) ranks the number in I2 from the list I2 to I6 and assign the lowest rank to the largest number. RANK(I2, $I$2:$I$6, 1) ranks the number in I2 from the list I2 to I6 and assign the lowest rank to the lowest number.

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