1. Sistema Reproductor
Capítulo 40

2. Hueso púbico Vejiga urinaria uréter uretra recto pene próstata
Vesícula seminal
FIGURE The human male reproductive tract
The male testes hang beneath the abdominal cavity in the scrotum. Sperm pass from the testis to the epididymis, through the vas deferens and urethra to the tip of the penis. Along the way, fluids are added from the seminal vesicles, the bulbourethral glands, and the prostate gland.
próstata
vaso deferente
epidídimo
testis
glándula
bulbouretral
Abertura
uretral
escroto
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

3. (a) (b) vaso deferente epidídimo Túbulo testículo espermatogonia
seminífero
testículo
espermatogonia
(b)
Células hijas
spermatozoa
FIGURE Structures involved in spermatogenesis
(a) A section of the testis, showing the seminiferous tubules, epididymis, and vas deferens. (b) Cross section of a seminiferous tubule. The walls of the seminiferous tubules are lined with nurturing Sertoli cells and spermatogonia undergoing meiosis. Mature sperm are freed into the central cavity. Testosterone is produced by interstitial cells.
Células de
Sertoli
capilar
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

4. Ocurre continuamente comenzando
Espermatogénesis
Ocurre continuamente comenzando
en la pubertad.
espermatogonia
FIGURE Sperm are produced by meiosis
Spermatogonia grow and differentiate to produce spermatocytes, which undergo meiosis and further differentiation to produce haploid sperm. Although 4 chromosomes are shown for simplicity, in humans, the diploid number is 46 and the haploid number is 23.
espermatocito
primarrio
espermatocitos
secundarios
Esperma-
tozoides
espermátidas
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

5. Espermatozoide cabeza núcleo mitocondrias acrosoma Segmento inermedio
flagelo
Segmento
inermedio
mitocondrias
núcleo
acrosoma
FIGURE A human sperm cell
A mature sperm is a cell equipped with only the essentials: a haploid nucleus, the acrosome (containing enzymes that digest the barriers surrounding the egg), mitochondria for energy production, and a tail (a long flagellum) for locomotion.
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

6. Control Hormonal de la Espermatogénesis
células
Intersticia-
les
hypotálamo
Pituitaria
anterior LG
FSH LH
testículos
= inhibits
inhibina
= stimulates
espermatogénesis
testosterona
Células
Sertoli
Control Hormonal de la
Espermatogénesis
FIGURE Hormonal control of spermatogenesis
GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH. LH stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone. Testosterone and FSH stimulate the Sertoli cells and the spermatogonia, causing spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells release inhibin, which, along with testosterone, inhibits further release of FSH and LH, forming a negative feedback loop that keeps the rate of spermatogenesis and the concentration of testosterone in the blood nearly constant.
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

7. Table 40-2 The Human Female Reproductive Tract
Table Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

8. fimbria ovary uterus uterine tube endometrium (lining of uterus)
urinary bladder
cervix
pubic bone
vagina
urethra
FIGURE The human female reproductive tract
Eggs are produced in the ovaries and enter the uterine tube. Sperm and egg usually meet in the uterine tube, where fertilization and very early development occur. The early embryo embeds in the lining of the uterus, where development continues. The vagina receives sperm and serves as the birth canal.
rectum
clitoris
anus
labia
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

9. fimbriae uterine tube ovary uterus
FIGURE 40-17a The structures involved in oogenesis
(a) External view of the ovary and uterine tube.
uterus
Figure 40-17a Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

10. fimbriae of 5 Ruptured uterine tube 4 Ovulated follicle secondary
oocyte
(egg)
6 Corpus luteum
7 Degenerating
corpus luteum
3 Mature
follicle
with
secondary
oocyte
ovary
FIGURE 40-17b The structures involved in oogenesis
(b) The development of follicles in an ovary, portrayed in a time sequence (clockwise from the lower right). (1) A primary oocyte begins development within a follicle. (2), (3) The follicle grows, providing both hormones and nourishment for the enlarging oocyte. (4) At ovulation the egg, surrounded by follicle cells, bursts through the ovary wall. (5), (6), (7) The remaining follicle cells develop into the corpus luteum, which secretes hormones. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates after a few days.
2 Developing
follicles
1 New follicle
containing primary
oocyte
Figure 40-17b Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

11. ovulating
egg
FIGURE 40-17c The structures involved in oogenesis
(c) An egg is released from a follicle within the ovary.
ovary
Figure 40-17c Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

12. develops in fetus produced monthly beginning at puberty produced after
fertilization
egg
secondary
oocyte (egg)
polar body
oogonium
primary
oocyte
FIGURE Egg cells are formed by meiosis
The oogonium undergoes mitosis and enlarges to form the primary oocytes. At meiosis I, most of the cytoplasm goes to the secondary oocyte, leaving a small polar body with chromosomes but little cytoplasm. At meiosis II, almost all the cytoplasm of the secondary oocyte goes to the egg, and a second small polar body discards the remaining "extra" chromosomes. The first polar body may also undergo the second meiotic division. In humans, meiosis II does not occur until a sperm penetrates the egg.
polar body
polar body
polar body
Mitosis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

13. Hypothalamic hormone level:1 9 3 7
GnRH
Pituitary hormone levels: 1 LH 4
FSH 7
In ovary 5 8 2
corpus luteum
forms and
matures
corpus
luteum
degenerates
follicle develops
ovulation 3
Ovarian hormone levels 3 6
estrogen 9
FIGURE E40-1 Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is generated by interactions among the hormones of the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and the ovaries. The circled numbers correspond to those in the text.
progesterone
Uterine lining 1
menstruation 3
endometrial
development 7
regeneration
of endometrium 7 14 21 28
Figure E40-1 Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

14. FIGURE 40-20b The secondary oocyte and fertilization
(b) Sperm surround the oocyte, attacking its defensive barriers.
Figure 40-20b Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

15. (a) Vasectomy (b) Tubal ligation Uterine tube is severed and
ends are sealed
Vas deferens
is severed
and ends are
cauterized
testis
FIGURE Sterilization
(a) Vasectomy involves removing a short segment of the vas deferens and cauterizing the cut ends, blocking the transmission of sperm. (b) Tubal ligation involves removing a short segment of the uterine tube and blocking off the cut ends, preventing sperm from reaching the oocyte and the oocyte from reaching the uterus.
ovary
scrotum
uterus
Figure Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

16. Table 40-3 (part 1) Temporary Contraceptive Techniques
Table 40-3 (part 1) Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

17. Table 40-3 (part 2) Temporary Contraceptive Techniques
Table 40-3 (part 2) Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

18. Identifique las partes del sistema reproductor masculino

19. Identifique las partes del sistema reproductorfemenino