1. Dan Gardner Director, Readiness and Training, Policy & Programs
Joint Forces Ready to Fight
Transforming DoD Training: Observations, Direction, Challenges 72nd MORS Symposium Naval Postgraduate School 23 June 2004
Dan Gardner
Director, Readiness and Training, Policy & Programs

2. The Training Challenge in Today’s Security Environment:
Dynamic, complex security environment
World of uncertainty and surprise
Adaptive enemies
Employ asymmetric approaches
Non-traditional environments
Skill set: war fighter - diplomat

3. Department of Defense Priorities
Successfully Pursue the Global War on Terrorism
Strengthen Combined / Joint Warfighting Capabilities
Transform the Joint Force
Optimize Intelligence Capabilities
Counter Proliferation of WMD
Improve Force Manning
New Concepts of Global Engagement
Homeland Security
Further Streamline DoD Processes
Reorganize DoD and the USG to Deal with Pre-War Opportunities and Post-War Responsibilities
“The centerpiece of our training transformation effort will be the Joint National Training Capability.”
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Paul Wolfowitz, 9 April 2002
Transformation is a top U.S. Defense priority
SECDEF Legislative Priorities Memorandum Dated 17 Mar 04

4. Training Transformation Vision and Capabilities
Provide dynamic, capabilities-based training for the Department of Defense
in support of national security requirements across the full spectrum of
service, joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational operations.
Create Dynamic, Global
Knowledge
Network
Joint Knowledge Development &
Distribution
Capability
Build Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) Training
Environment
Joint National
Training
Capability
Establish
Performance
Assessment
Architecture
Joint
& Enabling
Capability

5. Joint Knowledge Development & Distribution Capability
Mission Statement
Preparing Warriors Individually through Development and Distribution of Joint Knowledge
Customers
Combatant Commands
Military (Active and Reserve Components), Civilian DoD Personnel, and DoD Agencies
Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational Organizations
Products
Courseware—Web-based Training; Computer Based Training
Tools—Job Performance Aids; Decision Aids; Digital Gaming
Services—Digital Libraries, Courseware Repositories, JKDDC Technology Lab, System Expertise
Global distribution environment
Status:

6. Joint Knowledge Development & Distribution Capability
Outcomes
Joint Certified
Courses
Individuals
Joint Educated
International /
Multinational
Reach-Back
Mission Planning
and Rehearsal
Adaptability
Human
Experts
War
Colleges
Universities
Models
and
Simulations
JKDDC
Regional
Centers
Partial List of FY Requirements - funded, in development (of 48 joint courses) – each sponsored by a COCOM
Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear, PACOM
Senior NCO JPME, JFCOM
Collaborative Force Analysis Sustainment & Transportation, PACOM
Joint Staff Action Processing,JFCOM
JTS/JTIMS User, JFCOM
Digital
Knowledge
Bases

7. Build on Success Major Training Centers
1st Training Transformation
Major Training Centers
2nd Training Transformation
Joint National Training Capability
Joint context - horizontal / vertical
Employs joint doctrine / tactics / techniques
Live training with simulation / stimulation
Mission rehearsal implications
Realistic information ops and C4ISR
Potentially deployable / distributable
Realistic Combat Training
Multi-dimensional peer adversary
Asymmetric challenges
Diverse targets / threats
Credible Opposing Forces
Integrated range instrumentation
Joint Observer / Trainers
Certified, accredited
Common Ground Truth
Focus on joint performance outcomes
Ability to assess concepts and doctrine
Feeds joint lessons learned
Promotes Joint Training System use
High Quality Feedback
We Fight as a Joint Team - We Should Train in a Joint Context

8. Joint National Training Capability
Mission: The Joint National Training Capability will continuously improve the ability of U.S. military, federal agencies, and multinational forces to fight effectively as a joint and combined team.
Goals:
Improve management and coordination of joint training resources;
Fully implement the Joint Training System Applications and provide the means to develop improvements in DoD warfighting capabilities;
Embed the proper joint context into Service training tasks;
Provide opposition forces and realistic threat systems;
Create a persistent global joint training infrastructure;
Provide a live, virtual, and constructive (LVC) environment for joint training events;
Lead the development of advanced training technologies providing joint functionality interfaces and interoperability; and
Coordinate and integrate activities with the other capabilities of training transformation.

9. Joint National (Global) Training Capability
Outcomes
Joint Training
Events
Units trained to
Joint Standards
Mission Planning
and Rehearsal
New Joint
Operational
Concepts
Lessons Learned
Adaptability
Test
Ranges
Models
and
Simulations
Major
Training
Centers
JNTC
Embedded
Systems

10. Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force The Operator’s approach
Effects-Based,
Collaborative, Network Centric and Interdependent
The Military Most of Us Grew Up In
Deconflict Service Forces
Stitch Service Seams
Integration of Service Capabilities
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
SOF
Interagency
Army
Forces
Air Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Multinational
Services Deconflicting
Services Coordinating
A coherently Joint, capabilities-based,
Joint Force
Services / SOCOM Integrating

11. Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force The Operator’s approach
Effects-Based,
Collaborative, Network Centric and Interdependent
Deconflict Service Forces
Stitch Service Seams
Integration of Service Capabilities
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
SOF
Interagency
Army
Forces
Air Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Marine Forces
Navy Forces
Multinational
Services Deconflicting
Services Coordinating
A coherently Joint, capabilities-based,
Joint Force
Services / SOCOM Integrating

12. & Joint Force Headquarters
Why a JNTC?
JNTC can help to...
1. Close gaps & seams (Combatant Commander Title 10 vs. Service Title 10 responsibilities) at all levels of joint operations (i.e. joint command and control, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and other joint tasks).
2. Provide the capability to conduct coherent joint training across all levels with proper joint context.
Strategic
National
Strategic
Theater
Unified
Command
Unified Command
& Joint Force Headquarters
Tasks I s u e 2
Joint Force
Headquarters
Operational
Issue 1
Components
Tactical
Service
Tasks
ARFOR
MARFOR
NAVFOR
AFFOR
SOF

13. JNTC
Capabilities
Improvement
Global
Simulation
Centers
NORTH-
COM
EUCOM
EUCOM
EUCOM
SOCOM
STRAT-COM
JFCOM
JFCOM
SOUTH
SOUTH - -
PACOM
PACOM
COM
COM
Experimentation and Testing
TRANS-COM
CENT
CENT - -
COM
COM
Service
Simulation, Training and Testing Centers
and Ranges
Live / Virtual / Constructive
A global network of live, virtual and constructive components that provides a seamless training environment that supports a broad spectrum of joint and Service training requirements
Training Environment

14. JNTC Exercise Types
Horizontal Training Exercise: Build on existing Service interoperability training
Vertical Training Exercise: Link component and joint command and staff planning and execution
Integration Training Exercise: Enhance existing joint exercises to address joint interoperability training in a joint context
Functional Training: Provide dedicated joint training environment for functional warfighting and complex joint tasks [under study by Center for Naval Analysis (CNA)]

15. Horizontal Training Exercise Western Range Complex Joint Context in a J-Tactical Event
Synchronized NTC/AW and CAX venues through a common joint scenario (NTC – 17 – 29 Jan 04; CAX – 25, 26, 28 & 29 Jan 04)
Cross flow of fixed wing aircraft between the ranges (F/A-18s (USMC/Navy), AV-8Bs, F-16s)
Opposition Forces: Non-Organic “Red” aircraft (ATSI A-4s); Higher density of Red surface-to-air threat systems; Information Operations: Operations Security, Computer Network Operations, Electronic Warfare
Command and control White Cell: Joint Forces Air Component Commander, Combined Air Operations Center, Air Support Operations Center
Fielding of JFCOM assessment teams at all live locations
Integration of live, virtual and constructive simulations
Live and virtual play of SOCOM resources
Establishment of 29 Palms ground/air instrumentation
T2-JNTC planning process is a microcosm of the real world joint process: provides an excellent training environment

16. Integration Training Exercise Blinding Storm / Rapid Alliance / Combined Joint Task Force Exercise (CJTFEX) 04-2 Highlights

17. Background Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff approved
COMUSJFCOM directed and sponsored
Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC) executed
First enhanced JFCOM joint interoperability exercise
First JNTC Integration event
US / UK bilateral training exercise

18. CJTFEX 04-2 First JNTC Integration event
Training focus on functional component commands
Analysis focus on Joint Tactical Tasks (JTT)
Coalition participation in a JNTC event
Primary Participant: United Kingdom
Secondary Participants: Canada, Germany, France, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Peru
Observers: Australia, Brazil, Sweden
Test processes incorporating Joint Combat Identification Evaluation Team and Joint Testing & Evaluation to greater degree in training events

19. 13 Approved Technology Concept Demonstrations
Evaluations / Tactics, Techniques & Procedures Validation (6):
Joint Command & Control, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JC2ISR) Joint Testing & Evaluation (JT&E)
Joint Cruise Missile Defense Joint Testing & Evaluation
Joint Global Positioning System Combat Effectiveness (JGPSCE)
Joint Methodology to Assess C4ISR Architecture (JMACA)
Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (JUAV)
Joint Datalink Information Combat Effectiveness (JDICE)
Demonstrations (4):
Targets Under Trees
Coalition Combat ID Advanced Concept Technology Demo
Grenadier Brat-Laser Range Finder
Multi-Sensor Integration Demo
Service Software Operational Effectiveness Evaluation (3):
Chief of Naval Operations Project # 801 – (DDG 51)
Lower Tier Project Office Patriot Radar
Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC)

20. CJTFEX 04-2 Sites Live VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTIVE ( M&S & Instrumentation
Live Forces
SOF – 7TH SFG, UK SOF
Army – 34ID (RC)
Marines – 2nd MEB (-), 3 Cdo
Air Force – 1ST, 4th , 20th FWs, UK RAF
Navy – COMSECONDFLT, INVINCIBLE BATTLE GROUP, NASSAU ATG, MINE
COUNTERMEASURES – Gulf of Mexico
Patriot battery
Analysis elements
34th ID ARFOR / JSOTF RC
Patriot BDE HQ
Patriot BN HQ
Patriot RC
263RD AAMDC
20th FW
UK RAF
24TH MEU
2ND MEB
3Cdo
OPFOR Ground
CJSOTF
513 MI Bde (-)
1st FW
UK AF
4th FW
CCJTF, CFMCC, CSG, ESG, USN & coalition ships at Sea
AEGIS DDG (2)
NAVFOR RC
SOF
Live
VIRTUAL
CRC Eglin AFB
FT BRAGG
TACTRAGRULANT Dam Neck
MCB Camp Lejeune
Schriever AFB
JTASC
Hurlburt Field
CFACC – Shaw AFB
NAS Oceana
NAS FALLON
PAX River
FT BLISS, TX
FT BENNING
MCAS Cherry Pt NC
Bogue Field NC
FT STORY
DMOC –Kirtland AFB
Langley AFB
Seymour Johnson AFB
Pope AFB
CONSTRUCTIVE
TESS-F
DBST SUITE AWSIM
ASSET JSAF
JQUAD NWARS (SCI)
JCATS TACSIM
SIGS MUSE
ASTi Hub
EP-3 MAST
MDST
1st FW
OPFOR Air
FMS-D ICE
JCATS
JSAF
ICE
M&S & Instrumentation
ATI – AWSIM to TBMCS Interface
AWSIM – Air Warfare Simulation
ASSET – Automated Scripted Simulator Exercise Trainer
CSP – CRC Stimulation Package
DBST – Digital Battlestaff Sustainment Trainer
FMS-D – Full Mission Simulator Digital
ICE – Interactive Constructive Environment
JCAS – Joint Command and Control Attack Simulation
JCATS – Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation
JECEWSI – Joint Electronic Combat Warfare Simulation
JNETS – Joint Networks Simulation
JSAF – Joint Semi-Automated Forces
JSTARS – Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System
JQUAD – 4 simulations (JECEWSI, JOISIM, JCAS, JNETS)
MUSE - Multiple Unit Simulation Environment
MDST – Missile Defense and Space Tool
NWARS – National Wargaming System
SIGS- Synthetic Imagery Generation System
TACSIM – Tactical Simulation of Intelligence Systems
TBMCS – Theater Battle Management Core Systems
TESS – Tactical Engagement Simulation System
JSAF (
SOF –V-AC-130
V-MH-53E
CSP
AWSIM WS ATI
SOF -SSE
Virtual Simulators
AC-130 and MH-53
EP-3 MAST – EP-3 Mission Avionics System Trainer
SSE- Squad Synthetic Environment
ASTi – Advanced Simulation Technologies Inc.

21. Vertical Training Event Horizontal Training Event
Road Map to IOC
Integration Training Event Eastern / Gulf Range Complex
A Bilateral Exercise Employing Joint and Combined Forces in a littoral
environment involving forces at Camp Lejeune, Cherry Point, Eglin AFB, Shaw AFB, Ft Story, USS Nassau, USS Mt Whitney, USS John F. Kennedy, JWFC
Horizontal Training Event Western Range Complex
A Full Integration Exercise with a brigade rotation at the National Training Center, Air Warrior from Nellis AFB, and USMC Combat Arms Exercise, 29 Palms
JNTC FOC Oct 09
Jul 03
Oct 03
Jan 04
Feb 04
Mar 04
Apr 04
May 04
Jun 04
Jul 04
Aug 04
Sep 04
Oct 04
JNTC IOC Oct 04
Vertical Training Event
Eastern Range Complex
JNTC Vertical Exercise designed to train USNORTHCOM Staff, JTF, Components, and Government Agencies
Horizontal Training Event
Eastern Range Complex
JNTC Horizontal Exercise involving Joint Readiness Training Center, Ft. Polk and Air Warrior II, Barksdale AFB

22. Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability
Mission: Ensure the systematic assessment of joint training and the effect from Training Transformation; provide enabling tools and procedures to JKDDC and JNTC to enhance joint force readiness
Customers: COCOMs; OSD; Joint Staff; JMOs; Military Services; Interagency; Coalition Partners
Goals:
Dynamic Joint Training System with next Generation Tools and Metrics
Robust Joint Lessons Learned Capability
System that Tracks Joint Qualifications and Experience
Linkage of Joint Training Outcomes to Readiness
New Joint Mission Essential Tasks for Interagency and Coalition
New Training Assessment Guidelines Policies
Joint Training System Enterprise Architecture
Advanced Assessment Tools and Metrics
T2 Block Assessments and Recommendations

23. Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability
Outcomes
JNTC
Strategic
Transformation
Appraisal
T2 Capabilities
Joint
Operational
Concepts
Training
Value
DOTMLPF
Barriers
Strategy and
Investments
Unit
Staff
JAEC
Individual
JKDDC
Defense
Readiness
Reporting System

24. Performance Assessment Concept
T2 Vector Assessments
COCOM Alignment
Service Alignment
Force Transformation Alignment
T2 Integration Assessments
Policy integration
Program and process integration
Information systems integration
T2 Training Value Assessments
Joint Educated and Trained Personnel - quantity
Staffs & Unit skill mix
Responsiveness to COCOM requirements changes
Throughput
All Forces Joint Educated and Trained
Near-Term Outcome
Innovation
Enable Environment to Create New Joint
Operational Capabilities
Mid-Term Outcomes
Transparency
Dynamic Mission Planning and Rehearsal
Far-Term Outcomes
T2 metrics evolve over time to guide achievement of successive outcomes
Source: 2004 DoD Training Transformation Implementation Plan (Section 1.0)

25. Training Capabilities AoA Way Ahead
SSG Decision Recap
Blended Course of Action for future training
Agree to content/structure of Final Report
AoA Report ready for final staffing NLT 15 July
Deliver AoA Report to USD (AT&L) NLT 1 August
Schedule next SSG or T2 ESG update in Aug 04
Develop programmatic level detail for FY 06-11
Reengage program review process later this year
Initiate draft Program Change Proposal (PCP)
Respond to brief Congress within 90 days

26. Dr. Chu’s Challenge to MORS
2003
Conduct assessments and make recommendations
Scientific and technological innovations
Improved net-centric tools, processes, and methods
New analytical methods and measures
Joint training effectiveness and joint readiness
Adaptability / intuitively joint response
New joint operational concepts
Cross-cultural and organization interoperability

27. For additional information on Transforming DoD Training
MORS Mini-Symposium/Workshop
28-30 September 2004
SAIC Conference Center
Tysons Corner VA