1. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 1 Static Routing Exercise u Unix network interface configuration u Cisco network interface configuration u Static routes u Default route u Testing

2. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 2 Routing u Routing is done based on destination IP address u Without routing, interface can only reach destinations via ARP u Cannot reach a destination on another separate network without going through an intermediate device u A device with at least 2 interfaces can route

3. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 3 Routing u Static routes –specifically instructs router on which route to take to a particular destination network u dynamic routes –learnt via routing protocols implemented on routers u default routes –route that instructs a machine where to send packets for destinations that are not on the routing table

4. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 4 Static Routing u Advantages  Simple to configure and maintain  Secure as only defined routes can be accessed  Bandwidth is not used for sending routing updates u Disadvantages  Manual update of routes after changes  Explicit addition of routes for all networks

5. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 5 IP Routing Configuration Static/default route example 172.16.3.2 ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 - STATIC 172.16.2.1 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 To Internet ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.3.1 - DEFAULT 172.16.2.2 172.16.3.1

6. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 6 Classroom Layout

7. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 7 SWITCH A C E I G 81.199.108.80/28 81.199.108.112/28 81.199.108.144/28 81.199.108.176/28 81.199.108.208/28 B F D H J 81.199.108.96/28 81.199.108.128/28 81.199.108.160/28 81.199.108.192/28 81.199.108.224/28 Address Allocation 81.199.108.0/28.1.3.5.7.9.2.4.6.8.10

8. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 8 Address Allocation u You already have an IP address for your router’s backbone link (A=.1, B=.2, …) u You have a /28 for your local network (PC and router connected to hub) u Allocate your own host addresses from your local /28 network

9. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 9 Network interface configuration - FreeBSD u configure interface on Unix host ifconfig fxp0 inet n.n.n.n netmask m.m.m.m –fxp0 is interface name –n.n.n.n is IP address –m.m.m.m is netmask

10. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 10 Connect PC to router console u Connect cable to console port on router, serial port on FreeBSD box u Use the tip command to connect your keyboard and screen to the serial port –e.g. bash$ tip cuaa0c u You may have to edit /etc/remote u See man pages for tip(1) and remote(5)

11. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 11 Network interface configuration - Cisco u configure backbone interface on cisco router conf t interface ethernet0/0 ip address n.n.n.n m.m.m.m –ethernet0/0 is interface name –n.n.n.n is IP address –m.m.m.m is netmask u configure local interface on cisco router –ethernet0/1

12. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 12 Network interface configuration - Cisco u Cisco global config should always include: ip classless ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup u Cisco interface config should usually include: no shutdown no ip proxy-arp no ip redirects

13. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 13 Test connectivity u PC can ping local interface of router u Router can ping PC u PC cannot ping backbone interface of router u Router can ping other routers u PC cannot ping other routers or other PCs

14. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 14 Add default route u Add route on PC route add default g.g.g.g –g.g.g.g is IP address of gateway (which is on cisco router) u Display forwarding table netstat -f inet -rn

15. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 15 Test connectivity u All PCs can now reach backbone IP address of own row u Still can’t reach other rows –why? –Do a traceroute to troubleshoot

16. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 16 Add static routes to other rows u On router, add static routes to other rows –next hop is backbone interface of other row’s router ip route n.n.n.n m.m.m.m g.g.g.g u Repeat many times

17. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 17 Test connectivity u All routers can reach all PCs u All PCs can reach all backbone IP addresses u All PCs can reach PCs in other rows u Test with traceroute

18. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 18 SWITCH A C E I G 81.199.108.80/28 81.199.108.112/28 81.199.108.144/28 81.199.108.176/28 81.199.108.208/28 B F D H J 81.199.108.96/28 81.199.108.128/28 81.199.108.160/28 81.199.108.192/28 81.199.108.224/28 Address Allocation 81.199.108.0/28.1.3.5.7.9.2.4.6.8.10 81.199.108.14/28 T2 router

19. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 19 Add static routes to classroom router u On router, remove all static routes no ip route n.n.n.n m.m.m.m g.g.g.g u Repeat many times u Add default route to classroom router –next hop is backbone router ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 g.g.g.g

20. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 20 Test connectivity u All routers can reach all PCs u All PCs can reach all backbone IP addresses u All PCs can reach PCs in other rows u Test with traceroute u All static routes have now been added on classroom router

21. Static Routing Exercise AFNOG 2003/ Track 2 # 21 Edit FreeBSD /etc/rc.conf u On production machines, add lines to /etc/rc.conf to configure network on reboot hostname="porcupine.tomato.example" ifconfig_fxp0="inet X.X.X.X netmask Y.Y.Y.Y" defaultrouter=”G.G.G.G" u See /etc/default/rc.conf for more information