1. 1 Modular Loadwall Side Impacts: Implications for Advanced Sensor Deflection Measures in Dummies John R. Humm N. Yoganandan Frank A. Pintar Department of Neurosurgery Milwaukee, WI

2. Recent Field Studies  CIREN cases  NASS analyses  Oblique loading is more prevalent  Injuries are different from pure lateral Pintar et al, 2007-9

3. Pure lateral Oblique Oblique versus Pure Lateral Loading

4. Injury Criteria  Response Corridors of Human Surrogates in Lateral Impacts. Maltese et. al Stapp 2002  Development of Side Impact Thoracic Injury Criteria and Their Application to the Modified ES-2 Dummy with Rib Extensions. Kuppa et. al. Stapp 2003  Injury Risk Curves for the WorldSID 50 th Male Dummy. Peitjean et. al. Stapp 2009 Developed for Pure Lateral Loading

5. Oblique and Pure Lateral Sled Tests  Anthropometry differences  Region design differences  Rib design differences ES-2 re WorldSID Need Modular Scalable Load-Wall

6. Shoulder Thorax Abdomen Pelvis (superior) Pelvis (inferior) Leg plate Modular Scalable Load-Wall STAPP load-wall design

7. WorldSID Alignment

12. Loadwalls 12

13. Test Protocol and Instrumentation  WorldSID 50% dummy  Oblique and pure lateral loadings  Three repeat tests at 3.35, 6.7, 7.5 m/s  Region-specific deflection datasets  2 Chestbands: thorax and abdomen  Internal sensors

14. Overhead Videos Images

15. Chestband Outputs  Effective peak deflections  Effective peak angulations  “Simulated IR-TRACC-type” peak deflections  Thoracic and abdominal regions

16. Chestband Contours ObliquePure Lateral

17. Effective Peak Deflection from Chestbands SPINE STERNUM L0L0 0.5 L 0 Define Origin: Pre-impact contour

18. Effective Peak Deflection from Chestbands Define Origin: Subsequent contours SPINE STERNUM 0.5 L 0

19. Effective Peak Deflection from Chestbands Distance of each point on the contour relative to the origin is computed at each time step t2t2 t1t1 t0t0 D to D t1 Temporal deflection at any point and time, i: D t0 – D ti D t2

20. Determination of Peak Deflections

21. t2t2 t1t1 t0t0 D to D t1 D t2 Determination of Peak Deflections

22. D0D0 DtDt Effective Peak Deflection Effective Peak Angle Determination of Peak Deflections

23. “Simulated IR-TRACC-type” Deflections Based on chestband data

24. WorldSID Thorax Deflections Oblique

25. WorldSID Deflections Oblique Thorax Abdomen

26. WorldSID Deflections Pure Lateral Thorax Abdomen

27. Thorax Abdomen

28. Angle of effective peak chest deflections

29. Deflections from Internal Sensors  Peak deflections from IR-TRACC

30. Internal Sensor Peak Deflections Thorax Abdomen

31. Application – RibEye Multipoint Sensing – Chestband Data

32. 2D-IR-TRACC: Angular Measurements

33. Simulated 2D IR-TRACC angle Based on chestband data

34. Simulated 2D-IR-TRACC angle

35. Summary  Region-specific responses ◦ Effective in sensing pure lateral loads ◦ Peak internal sensor deflections oblique<pure lateral ◦ Follows expected contours in oblique impacts  Current 1D IR-TRACC sensor location ◦ Replicates pure lateral response well ◦ Less than optimal for oblique loading  RibEye & 2D IR-TRACC: implications  Injury criteria for oblique loading

36. US DOT NHTSA DTNH22-07-H-00173 and VA Medical Research Service Acknowledgments