1. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 1 SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME PRIORITY 2.3.1.11 e-Health COCOON (FP6 507126) Building knowledge driven & dynamically adaptive networked communities within European healthcare systems Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue Authors: E. Della Valle, D. Cerizza and S. Ceri emails: {dellavalle},{cerizza}@cefriel.it and ceri@polimi.it

2. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 2 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue the integration problem in COCOON? a seamless integration of many complex technologies is needed in COCOON all the interfaces must be exposed as Web Services Moreover COCOON will only add a new set of eHealth services to a regional environment already populated by thousand of heterogeneous services (e.g. SISS in Lombardy)

3. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 3 A4 A1 A4 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 B3 A4 A2 A1 B3 A1 B3 A1 A2 A1 A4 A2 A1 A4 A2 A1 A2 A1 B3 A1 A2 A1 B3 A1 A4 A1 A2 A1 A4 A1 B3 A2 A4 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 B3 A4 A1 A4 B3 A1 B3 A4 B3 A1 A4 A1 A4 A2 A1 A4 A1 A2 A1 A4 A1 A4 B3 A1 A4 A2 A4 A1 A2 B3 A1 A2 A1 B3 A1 A4 B3 A2 A1 A4 A1 A4 A1 B3 A1 A2 A1 A4 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 B3 A4 A1 A4 A2 A1 A4 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue a need for cataloguing and discovering services If you have few services and you want to support one simple implementation strategy But, if you have lot of services and you want to support multiple complex implementation strategies A ? CD N1N2F E B8 A1 A4 A1 A2 A4 B3 A1 A4 A6 A2 A5 A4 A1 A4 A1 B3 A1 B3 A1 A4 A1 A4 A1 A2 A1 B3 A1 A4 A1 A2 B3 A2 Few services Simple workflow Lot of complex Services Inspired by: J. Cardoso, C. Bussler, A. Sheth1, D. Fensel, Semantic Web Services and Processes, October 2002 Complex Business Process

4. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 4 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue Web Service Discovery Discovery service is an essential component in the abstract idea of Service Oriented Architecture source: http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-ws-arch-20021114/http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-ws-arch-20021114/Publish Service provider Service requester Discovery Agencies Discovery Agencies Service Descriptio n Discover Interact

5. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 5 ? Sem Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue Human processable semantics and discovery In concrete situation a strong agreement on semantics is needed Publish Service provider Service requester Discovery Agencies Discovery Agencies Discover Interact Provider Human Requester Human Provider Entity Requester Entity WSD + + Sem AGREE WSD ? Sem

6. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 6 Discovery Agencies Discovery Agencies Advance Interoperability: COCOON Glue Machine processable semantics and discovery Machine processable semantics is needed for automating discovery. Ontologies ( ) are the enabling technology because they interweave human understanding of symbols with their machine processability Publish Service provider Service requester Interact Provider Human Requester Human Provider Entity Requester Entity AGREE WSD + Sem WSD Sem WSD + Sem WSD Discover + Sem WSD ? Sem WSD + Sem WSD Ontology

7. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 7 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue Which approach to Semantic Web Services? In addition to a language for ontologies, semantic interoperability requires a conceptual model and formalization for services. OWL-S and WSMO are the two major initiatives that aim at facilitating the automation of Web service tasks, –OWL-S is an upper service ontology expressed in OWL. It supplies Web service providers with a core set of markup constructs for describing the properties and capabilities of their Web services in computer-interpretable form. OWL-S has been submitted to W3C in November 2004. –WSMO, the Web Service Modeling Ontology, describes four different main elements: ontologies that provide the terminology used by other elements, goals that describe aspects related to user desires with respect to the requested functionality, Services descriptions that define various aspects of a Web service, and mediators which bypass interpretability problems. Preperations for the submission to the W3C are currently ongoing and expected to be finished in March 2005.

8. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 8 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue Which approach to Semantic Web Services? We choose WSMO because –It is a strong conceptual model based on a sound separation between ontologies, goals, web services and mediators –It is founded on two clear principles of strong decoupling and strong mediation Available Standard Technologies (XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, …) Wide Deployed Technologies Standard Industrial Research Academic Research COCOON aims at being a Wide Deployed application WSMO WSMF OWL-S IRS-II DAML-S Most Recent SWS developments IRS-III GAP

9. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 9 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue WSMO model Source: WSMO D2v1.0. WSMO consists of four different main elements for describing semantic web services: –ontologies ( ) that provide the terminology used by other elements –goals ( ) that define the problems that should be solved by web services –web services ( ) descriptions that define various aspects of a web service –mediators ( ) which bypass interpretability problems. G

10. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 10 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue WSMO at work: publishing time Execution Enviroment Ontologies Mediators Web Services Provider entity WS Provider entity WS Provider entity WS Provider entity WS WSD 1. 1.provider and requester entities agree on the ontologies to use Requester entity 2. 2.If they cannot reach an agreement on the terms to use (e.g. SNOMED, IDC) mediators are required 3. 3.Each provider entity formally describe its services using the agreed ontologies and (if necessary) mediator 1. 2. 3. + + + + WSD

11. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 11 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue WSMO at work: discovery time Execution Enviroment Discovery engine Ontologies Mediators Web Services 1. 1.Requester entity formally describes its goal using the agreed ontologies and (if necessary) mediator Requester entity 2. 2.The discovery engine uses the specified ontologies and mediators to match the goal against the web service descriptions 3. 3.The execution environment returns a list of Web Services 1. 2. 3. + + + + WSD 4. 4.The requester selects the most appropriate Web Services and invokes it { ● ● } G Invoke 4. WSD

12. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 12 … disease[ affects=>>{bodyPart} ]. cancer::disease. breastCancer::cancer[ affects=>>{breast} ]. hypertension::disease[ affects=>>{artery, heart} ]. … medication[ controlsDiseases*=>>{disease} ]. hormonalTherapy::medication[ controlsDiseases*=>>{breastCancer} ]. blockers::medication. alphaBlockers::blockers[ controlsDiseases*=>>{hypertension} ]. betaBlockers::blockers[ controlsDiseases*=>>{hypertension} ]. doxazosin::alphaBlockers. atenolol::betaBlockers. tenormine::atenolol. metoprolol::betaBlockers. lopressor::metoprolol. seloken::metoprolol. … Part of internal F-Logic syntax Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue COCOON Ontology Medications Hormonal Therapy Blockers Alpha Blockers Beta Blockers Atenolol Tenormine Metoprolol Lopressor Seloken … Disease Cancer Breast Cancer Skin Cancer Hypertension Controls Diseases

13. 1 st COCOON review – March 8 th -9 th, 2005 13 Advanced Interoperability: COCOON glue WSMO at work: example of mediator Providers and requester entities may disagree on the representation of date-time. For example: –A provider entity may prefer to express service availability using a Week-based calendar terminology ( ) E.g. the service is available on Monday and Thursday morning and Friday evening –A requester entity may prefer to express user preferences using a Gregorian-based calendar terminology ( ) E.g. is the service available on March, 8 th from 10 to 12 An agreement is not necessary, a mediator can be used to bypass the heterogeneity problem March, 8 th from 11 to 14 Thursday morning