1. Western Civilization I Part 6: The Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance Humanism

2. Abélard and Heloïse in a manuscript of the Roman de la Rose (14th century) A meeting of doctors at the University of Paris. Illustration from Chants royaux. 16th cent. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. (Wikipedia)

3. Leonardo da Vinci (1452- 1519), Vitruvian Man, ca 1492. Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice. (Wikipedia)

4. Desiderius Erasmus (1466 -1536). Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1523. National Gallery, London. (Wikipedia) Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527). Portrait by Santi di Tito, late XVI. Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. (Wikipedia)

5. A collage of Florence showing the Palazzo degli Uffizi (top left), the Palazzo Pitti, a sunset view of the city and the Fountain of Neptune in the Piazza della Signoria. (Wikipedia)

6. Pope Alexander VI (ruled 1492-1503). Portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Wikipedia) Cesare Borgia (1475/6-1507). Portrait possibly by Bartolomeo Veneto, ca. 1500–10. Palazzo Venezia, Rome. (Wikipedia)