1. 1 Information Systems Applied Multimedia INT 2

2. 2 What is Multimedia? Multimedia is the presentation of information by a computer system using graphics, animation, sound and text. Multimedia is the presentation of information by a computer system using graphics, animation, sound and text. Interactive multimedia gives the viewer control over which elements are delivered and when. Interactive multimedia gives the viewer control over which elements are delivered and when. Hypermedia is when the user can navigate through a series of linked elements. Hypermedia is when the user can navigate through a series of linked elements.

3. 3 Contemporary Uses Business Business advertisingadvertising e-commerce – selling productse-commerce – selling products presentationspresentations

4. 4 Contemporary Uses Education Education CAL Computer Assisted LearningCAL Computer Assisted Learning reference materialsreference materials

5. 5 Contemporary Uses Home Home gamesgames leisure pursuitsleisure pursuits ShoppingShopping Public Public information servicesinformation services

6. 6 Means of Delivery CD ROM CD ROM DVD ROM DVD ROM Kiosk Kiosk WWW WWW

7. 7 Comparison of Delivery Media Data capacity Data capacity Ease of update Ease of update

8. 8 Analysis Project Brief Project Brief Requirements Specification Requirements Specification PurposePurpose User / audienceUser / audience ContentContent Delivery mediaDelivery media BudgetBudget TimescaleTimescale

9. 9 Navigational Structures Linear Structure Linear Structure Hierarchical Structure Hierarchical Structure Web Structure Web Structure Search criteria Search criteria

10. 10 Navigational Structures Linear Structure Linear Structure

11. 11 Navigational Structures Hierarchical Structure Hierarchical Structure

12. 12 Navigational Structures Web Structure Web Structure

13. 13 Search Criteria Search Operators AND AND OR OR NOT NOT

14. 14 AND AND is a connector that requires both words to be present in each record in the results. AND is a connector that requires both words to be present in each record in the results. Use AND to narrow your search. Use AND to narrow your search. Television 999 hitsTelevision 999 hits Violence 876 hitsViolence 876 hits Television AND Violence 123 hitsTelevision AND Violence 123 hits The words 'television' and 'violence' will both be present in each record. The words 'television' and 'violence' will both be present in each record.

15. 15 OR OR is a connector that allows either word to be present in each record in the results. OR is a connector that allows either word to be present in each record in the results. Use OR to expand your search. Use OR to expand your search. Adolescents 97 hitsAdolescents 97 hits Teenagers 75 hitsTeenagers 75 hits Adolescents OR teenagers 172 hitsAdolescents OR teenagers 172 hits Either 'adolescents' or 'teenagers' (or both) will be present in each record. Either 'adolescents' or 'teenagers' (or both) will be present in each record.

16. 16 NOT NOT is a connector that requires the first word be present in each record in the results, but only if the record does not contain the second word. NOT is a connector that requires the first word be present in each record in the results, but only if the record does not contain the second word. High school 423 hitsHigh school 423 hits Elementary 652 hitsElementary 652 hits High school NOT Elementary 275 hitsHigh school NOT Elementary 275 hits Each record contains the words 'high school', but not the word 'elementary'. Each record contains the words 'high school', but not the word 'elementary'.

17. 17 User Interfaces Command Line Interface Command Line Interface Menu Driven Menu Driven Form Fill-In Form Fill-In Graphical User Interface- direct manipulation Graphical User Interface- direct manipulation

18. 18 Screen Design : Storyboards Layout of screen elements Layout of screen elements Transitions between screens Transitions between screens Navigation Navigation Menus Menus Hyperlinks Hyperlinks Buttons Buttons Hotspots Hotspots

19. 19 Text : Design Principles Quantity of text Quantity of text Fonts, alignment and size Fonts, alignment and size Lists and tables Lists and tables Headings / subheadings Headings / subheadings

20. 20 Graphics : Design Principles Number of graphics on screen Number of graphics on screen Placing of graphics on screen Placing of graphics on screen Text wrap Text wrap Captions Captions

21. 21 Audio : Design Principles Background music Background music Sound effects Sound effects Disadvantages / advantages Disadvantages / advantages Voice output (accessibility issues) Voice output (accessibility issues) User-controlled volume User-controlled volume

22. 22 Basic Hardware Processor Processor Memory Memory Hard disc Hard disc CD-ROM CD-ROM DVD-ROM DVD-ROM Audio card and speaker Audio card and speaker Video card and colour monitor Video card and colour monitor Keyboard and mouse Keyboard and mouse

23. 23 Additional Hardware Microphone to capture sound. Microphone to capture sound. Video capture board to capture videos. Video capture board to capture videos. Scanner to capture graphics or text. Scanner to capture graphics or text. MIDI keyboard to create music. MIDI keyboard to create music. Digital camera to capture graphics. Digital camera to capture graphics.

24. 24 Basic Software System software System software Text software Text software Graphics software Graphics software Video software Video software Audio software Audio software Multimedia software Multimedia software

25. 25 Text Software Word processing Word processing Desk Top Publishing Desk Top Publishing Specialised Text Software Specialised Text Software Optical Character Recognition Optical Character Recognition Voice recognition Voice recognition Handwriting recognition Handwriting recognition

26. 26 Storage Bit Bit One binary digitOne binary digit Byte Byte 8 bits8 bits Kilobyte Kilobyte 1024 bytes1024 bytes Megabyte Megabyte 1024 kilobytes1024 kilobytes Gigabyte Gigabyte 1024 megabytes1024 megabytes Terabyte Terabyte 1024 gigabytes1024 gigabytes

27. 27 Storage Text Byte Byte 8 binary digits8 binary digits Kilobyte Kilobyte Approx 1000 characters, about a third of an A4 page of textApprox 1000 characters, about a third of an A4 page of text Megabyte Megabyte approx 300 A4 pages of textapprox 300 A4 pages of text Gigabyte Gigabyte approx 300000 A4 pages of textapprox 300000 A4 pages of text

28. 28 Still Graphics Capture Clip Art Clip Art Scanning Scanning Digital Camera Digital Camera

29. 29 Bit-mapped Graphics Resolution is the number of pixels or dots per inch, dpi. As the resolution increases the file size for the image increases. Resolution is the number of pixels or dots per inch, dpi. As the resolution increases the file size for the image increases. Colour depth depends on the number of colours available for use. The greater the number of colours the clearer the picture. For this however, more memory is needed. Colour depth depends on the number of colours available for use. The greater the number of colours the clearer the picture. For this however, more memory is needed.

30. 30 File Compression Because bit-mapped graphics files can be very large they often have to be compressed. The space can be reduced to a fifth of the uncompressed size when saved as a JPEG. Because bit-mapped graphics files can be very large they often have to be compressed. The space can be reduced to a fifth of the uncompressed size when saved as a JPEG. JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group.

31. 31 Storage Graphics Bit Bit black / white pixelblack / white pixel Byte Byte 256 colour pixel256 colour pixel Kilobyte Kilobyte very small simple clip art type graphicvery small simple clip art type graphic Megabyte Megabyte 3 x 2 inch photographic image 300 dpi, 16 bit colour (thousands)3 x 2 inch photographic image 300 dpi, 16 bit colour (thousands) approx 4 compressed JPEG photo images 24 bit colour (millions)approx 4 compressed JPEG photo images 24 bit colour (millions) Gigabyte Gigabyte around 170 6 x 4 inch photo images 300dpi, 24 bit colouraround 170 6 x 4 inch photo images 300dpi, 24 bit colour around 4000 JPEG photographic images 24 bit colouraround 4000 JPEG photographic images 24 bit colour

32. 32 Digital Sound Digital Audio Digital Audio audio recordingsaudio recordings music downloadsmusic downloads

33. 33 Digital Audio Factors affecting quality and file size. Sampling Resolution Sampling Resolution Sampling Frequency Sampling Frequency

34. 34 Sampling Resolution Each sampling of the frequency is stored in a certain number of bits Each sampling of the frequency is stored in a certain number of bits 8 bits would store a range of 256 different sounds and so give an accurate representation of the sound for each sampling 8 bits would store a range of 256 different sounds and so give an accurate representation of the sound for each sampling The number of bits is called the sampling resolution The number of bits is called the sampling resolution

35. 35 Audio Input Hardware Microphone captures sound and transmits it as a varying electrical voltage. Microphone captures sound and transmits it as a varying electrical voltage.

36. 36 Sampling Frequency To change analogue sound to digital the sound is sampled several thousand times per second, between 11KHz and 44KHz. This is called the sampling frequency. To change analogue sound to digital the sound is sampled several thousand times per second, between 11KHz and 44KHz. This is called the sampling frequency. The higher the sampling frequency, the better the sound quality. The higher the sampling frequency, the better the sound quality. The higher the sampling frequency the more memory and storage needed to process and save the file. The higher the sampling frequency the more memory and storage needed to process and save the file.

37. 37 Digital Audio Software edit the waveform directly edit the waveform directly adjust the volume of the audio adjust the volume of the audio splice pieces of audio together splice pieces of audio together down-sample to reduce the file size down-sample to reduce the file size fade-in and fade-out the audio fade-in and fade-out the audio use special effects like echo and reverb use special effects like echo and reverb

38. 38 Storage Sound Kilobyte Kilobyte Approx 3 seconds of MIDI soundApprox 3 seconds of MIDI sound Megabyte Megabyte Approx 7 seconds of CD quality soundApprox 7 seconds of CD quality sound Approx 1 minute of compressed MP3 soundApprox 1 minute of compressed MP3 sound Gigabyte Gigabyte Approx 120 minutes of CD quality soundApprox 120 minutes of CD quality sound Approx 20 hours of compressed MP3 soundApprox 20 hours of compressed MP3 sound

39. 39 Digital Compression Since Digital Audio files can be very large they are often compressed to reduce storage space. Since Digital Audio files can be very large they are often compressed to reduce storage space. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 MP3 as it is more commonly known MP3 as it is more commonly known

40. 40 Multimedia Creation Software Presentation Software allows the creation of simple linear slide show type presentations. Presentation Software allows the creation of simple linear slide show type presentations. PowerpointPowerpoint Authoring Software allows the creation of more flexible and interactive presentations. Authoring Software allows the creation of more flexible and interactive presentations. AuthorwareAuthorware Web Design Software allows the creation of interactive web pages. Web Design Software allows the creation of interactive web pages. FrontpageFrontpage

41. 41 Authoring Software Icon based Packages are very easy to use as the graphics, text, animations etc. are represented as icons in a flow chart. Icon based Packages are very easy to use as the graphics, text, animations etc. are represented as icons in a flow chart. AuthorwareAuthorware Scripting Packages are more difficult to learn as they use a special type of scripting, or programming language. They do give more control and a high degree of accuracy for timing the events in a presentation. Scripting Packages are more difficult to learn as they use a special type of scripting, or programming language. They do give more control and a high degree of accuracy for timing the events in a presentation. DirectorDirector

42. 42 Comparison of Software Ease of use Ease of use Cost Cost Programming requirements Programming requirements

43. 43 Personnel Project manager Project manager Multimedia designer Multimedia designer Subject specialist Subject specialist Media specialists Media specialists Programmers Programmers Webmaster Webmaster

44. 44 Structure Node Node Link Link Anchor Anchor

45. 45 Testing Screen testing Screen testing Navigational tests Navigational tests

46. 46 Documentation User documentation User documentation Hardware and software requirementsHardware and software requirements User instructionsUser instructions

47. 47 Copyright Issues Copyright Design & Patents Act Copyright Design & Patents Act Copyright licenses Copyright licenses

48. 48 Evaluation Fitness for purpose Fitness for purpose