1. Mummy

2. Background Ancient Egypt Civilization became history in 332 B.C.
Mummies were preserved in pyramids.
Due to the development of archeology, mummies could be excavated.

3. The origin
The ancient Egyptian religion
The English word “Mummy”

4. The English word “Mummy”
Black mummies
Asphalt

5. The ancient Egyptian religion
Believing the soul could not live without the body

6. The ancient Egyptian religion
Sunset symbols temporary death of sun
Funeral objects

7. The spreading of poetry
The history
The spreading of poetry
Literature records
Medicine record
Fresco

8. Literature records 《 The Autobiography of Weni 》 《 Book of the Dead 》
The thriving of Old Kingdom
The construction of pyramid
《 Book of the Dead 》
The vital source of information about Egyptian beliefs
Egyptian beliefs about the nature of death and the afterlife

9. The spreading of poetry
《 Aten Ode 》
Religious reform
The decline of mummies’ culture

10. Fresco Fresco Most are tomb chamber frescoes.
Frescoes depict the mummification process.

11. Medicine record 《 Ebers Papyrus 》
It records a heart’s motion and function.
It records medicine’s function and use.

12. The mummification process

13.  Pre-procedure

14. Manufacture

15. Preservation
Set
Arid climate
Climate data for Cairo, Egypt

17. Believe that the mummies only appeared in Egypt when you were a kid.
Q1. Do you believe that the mummies only appeared in Egypt when you were a kid?
Believe that the mummies only appeared in Egypt when you were a kid.

18. Q2. What makes you have this idea?
The ways which make you believe that the mummies only appeared in Egypt.

19. Q3. Which place do you suggest that those mummies had appeared？
Right answer
The place where modern people suggest that those mummies had appeared.

20. Q3. Which place do you suggest that those mummies had appeared？
The correct rate of modern people’s answer about the place the mummies had appeared.

21. Q4. Have you ever known the process to make mummies?
Whether modern people have ever known the process to make mummies.

22. Q4. Have you ever known the process to make mummies?
The tube that modern people know the process to make mummies.

23. Q5. Which materials do you suggest to make mummies?
Wrong answers
Materials that modern people suggest to make mummies.

24. Q5. Which materials do you suggest to make mummies?
Whether modern people know the materials to make mummies

25. Q5. Which materials do you suggest to make mummies?
Materials that modern people suggest to make mummies.

26. Q6. Do you believe in the anathemas that those who found Tutankhamun Pharaohs would die?
Whether modern people believe the anathemas
that those who found Tutankhamun Pharaohs would die.

27. Conclusion
Ancient Egyptian belief, which is that people can return to life after death.
Ancient literature records.
Preserve mummies by the methods of production and the climatical factors.
Modern people do not understand things about mummies

28. Reference http://i.mtime.com/135088/blog/1921909/
法老的國度：古埃及文化史，2001年
埃及史－神秘與驚奇的古國，2004年

29. The End