1. Task B: The Muscular System

2. PASS MERIT DISTINCTION
P3: IDENTIFY the LOCATION of the MAJOR MUSCLES in the human body
P4: DESCRIBE the FUNCTION of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM and the different FIBRE TYPES
M1: EXPLAIN the FUNCTION of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM and the different FIBRE TYPES
D1: ANALYSE the FUNCTION of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM and the different FIBRE TYPES

3. VERB PLAIN ENGLISH Describe
Try to “Paint a picture” in words. Assume that the person that you are Describing to does not know anything about the subject that you are describing. Tell them what you have learned.
Identify
Create a List of KEY FEATURES.(e.g) Steven Gerrards Strengths are: Aerobic Endurance, Goal scoring ratio etc….
Explain
Once you have Described the subject, often you will need to give further details and reasons why. (e.g) Once you have described England’s poor performance in the World Cup, you may also give some reasons why the players did not perform as well as they could.
Analyse
You need to SELECT the KEY POINTS and EXPLAIN each point providing REASONS for each point and also looking at POTENTIALIMPACTS.(e.g.) If you were looking at the performance of Barcelona you may pick out the key points in their success – Money, Lionel Messi, Iniesta etc.. You would then explain the contribution of each player and also look at what the club could do to regain the Champions league next season

4. Vastus Intermedius

5. Types of Muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

6. Skeletal Muscle Also called Stripy/striated muscle
Voluntary – Under Conscious control
Over 700 skeletal muscles in the body
Attached to bones
Is made up of different muscle fibres

8. Smooth Muscle Involuntary – Works without thought
Found in the walls of hollow internal structures such as blood vessels, the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder
A smooth muscle is non-striated (smooth)
Peristaltic Action – Contract consecutively, one after the other

10. Cardiac Muscle Found in the walls of the heart
Its contraction is involuntary (not under conscious control)
Pumps blood around the body, without getting tired
It is striated (has light and dark bands)

12. Muscle Function Muscles cross joints that they move
Pulling force from muscles causes movement
Muscle Tone – State of readiness to work
Strength of contraction – Depends on the number of fibres that have been recruited

13. Function of the Muscular System
Antagonistic Muscle Pairs
Muscles work together in groups to create movement
Muscles can function as the following: Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, Fixator.

14. Agonist
Shortens to move a joint
Also called the PRIME MOVER

15. Antagonist Relaxes when the agonist muscle is working
Has a BRAKING effect

16. Synergist / Fixator Synergist = Muscles that help the agonist muscle
Fixator = Stop unwanted movement
Stabilise the movement

17. Types of Muscle Contraction
Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric
Isokinetic

18. Isometric Muscle tenses Stays the same length
Joint angle stays the same
E.G. Holding a Press-up

19. Concentric Muscle shortens under tension
Origin and Insertion move closer together

20. Eccentric Muscle lengthens under tension
Origin and Insertion move further apart
E.G. Bicep Curl – Lowering Phase

21. Isokinetic Muscle contracts at a CONSTANT SPEED
Need specialised equipment that controls the muscle action

22. Muscle Fibre Types There are three types of muscle fibre: Type 1
Type 2a
Type 2b

23. Type 1 Slow Twitch Fibres
Contract slowly
Lots of blood vessels
Low Force
Fatigue resistant
Low Intensity, Long duration activities

24. Type 2a Fast Oxidative Glycolytic Fibres
Type of Fast Twitch Fibres
Fast Contractions
Produce Force
Resistant to Fatigue
E.G. Middle Distance Runners

25. Type 2b Fast Glycolytic Fibres
Type of Fast Twitch Fibres
Fast Contractions
Lots of Force
Fatigue quickly
Anaerobic Activities
E.G. 100M