1. Russia: Reform & Reaction
10.5

2. Conditions in Russia Russia-great world power “colossus” (giant)
Despite size, economically & socially underdeveloped
Rigid social structure- serfs

3. Orthodoxy, Autocracy, & Nationalism
Attempts to “Russify” Russia
Persecution of minorities
Russia had acquired a large Jewish population (former Poland/Ukraine)
Official persecution- Pogroms (violent mob attacks)- many fled Russia

4. Russian Absolutism Ruled by czars (kings) with absolute power
-Alexander I ( ) -Nicholas I ( )
-Alexander II ( ) -Alexander III ( )
-Nicholas II ( )

5. Decembrist Revolt (1825)
Led by group of army officers who learned liberal ideas fighting Napoleon
Books were banned & those with liberal ideas exiled or hospitalized
Nicholas I- “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, & Nationalism”

6. Reforms of Alexander II
Emancipated the serf
Trial by jury
Reformed military
Local government
Zemstvos- elected assemblies responsible for local matters (road repair, schools)

7. Reaction to Change Many still dissatisfied-socialists spread ideas
“People’s Will” assassinated Alexander II
Alexander III reacts with harsh methods
“Russification” of non-Russians, especially Jews
Pogroms- violent mob attacks on Jews
Many Russians fled to U.S.

8. Bloody Sunday Russian army suffered defeats Discontent is unleashed
Father George Gapon- “Little Father”
Called for a march to demonstrate the sufferings to the czar
Sunday Jan. 22, 1905
Troops shot demonstrators, killing any trust in the czar

9. Revolution of 1905 Bloody Sunday sparks revolts across Russia
Forced Nicholas to issue reforms
October Manifesto-promises freedoms
Summons a Duma (elected nat’l assembly)
Divided revolutionaries

10. Results Nicholas II soon dissolves Duma
New Prime Minister-Peter Stolypin
Harsh tactics to restore order
Regain support by issuing reforms, but too limited
Assassinated in 1911
Russia still an autocracy filled with unrest