1. Sect. 1 – Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

2. The English Plan Colonies
Colonies would provide a market for English exports
Source or raw material
Increase trade
Build up gold supply
Mercantilism – state controls trade and attempts to transfer wealth from colonies to parent country
Reasons for going to America
Lack of economic opportunity in England
Gold mines
Religious persecution

3. Financing a Colony Joint-Stock Company
Backed by investors – people put money in to earn profits
Investor got shares
Split any profits
Divided any losses
Virginia Company of London, Virginia Company of Plymouth, (later Massachusetts Bay Company and Dutch West Indies Company)
Charter
Written contract
Issued by government
Gave the holder right to establish colony

4. Who – Who were among the settlers at Sagadahoc?
Convicts
Who was their leader?
George Popham
What happened to the colonists at Roanoke?
Cut off from food supply by Native Americans – sent back to England
What happened to the colony at Sagadahoc?
Arguments, harsh winter, fights with Native Americans, food shortages, forced to return to England

5. What was the House of Burgesses?
Elected representatives that would meet once a year – first representative assembly in American Colonies
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
Marched into Jamestown, took control of House of Burgesses and burned Jamestown to the ground.
When was Jamestown settled?
1607
When did the starving time end?
Starving time ended in 1610

6. Why did the settlers go to Jamestown?
Make money, find gold, new life, greater opportunities
Why didn’t the settlers get along with their neighbors?
Because they wanted more and more of their land
Why did Jamestown nearly fail?
Disease, unwilling to work, more interested in gold than work
Why did Bacon’s rebellion occur?
Opposed William Berkeley
High taxes
Favoritism toward large plantation owners
Bacon wanted war with Native Americans to seize land for tobacco

7. How was Jamestown saved from failure?
Where was Roanoke?
Island off of North Carolina
Where was Sagadahoc?
Maine – mouth of Kennebec River
Where was Jamestown?
In Virginia, on a small peninsula on James River
How was Jamestown saved from failure?
John Smith took over and forced colonists to work – tobacco provided money to build the colony.

8. Sect. 2 – New England Colonies

9. Causes of Conflict
Result of Conflict
King James vs. Pilgrims
Pilgrims a separatist group. King attacked them for rejecting England’s Official church.
Fled to Holland first. Approached Virginia Comp. To arrange to settle in America
Puritans vs. Church of England
Religious beliefs Wanted church of England to “purify” its practices
Bad treatment by King. Left England to form colonies in America .Great Migration

10. Causes of Conflict
Result of Conflict
Puritan leaders vs. Roger Williams
Opposed forced attendance at church. Opposed taking Native lands by force
Left and started Rhode Island
Puritan leaders vs. Anne Hutchinson
Believed person could worship God without help of church, minister or Bible
Banished and fled to Rhode Island

11. Causes of Conflict
Result of Conflict
Quakers vs. Massachusetts Commonwealth
Believed that each person could know God directly through an inner light – no minister or bible needed. Treat Native Americans fairly
Called Quakers. Whipped, imprisoned or hung. .Left for Rhode Island

12. Causes of Conflict
Result of Conflict
King Philip’s War
Americans – land belonged to person or group. Native Americans – land belonged to everyone. Religion.
Increased population of Europeans
Colonial victory. Destruction of 12 colonial villages-600 military Native Americans killed.
King Philip killed500 Native Americans enslaved

14. Causes of Conflict
Result of Conflict
Salem Witchcraft Trials
Younger generations – different religious view than that of parents. False accusations. Witch hunts
Arrests, trials and execution for witchcraft.

15. What was the Mayflower Compact?
Vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony
Helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule

16. PILGRIMS LAND

17. How did Squanto and Samoset help the Pilgrims?
Interpreter between Pilgrims and Chief Massasoit
Negotiated a peace treaty
Showed them how to plant, hunt and fish
Describe the First Thanksgiving.
Three day feast
Represented the peace that existed at the time between Native Americans and Pilgrims

18. What was the New England Way?
Congregation – group of people who belonged to the same church
Set up own town
Meeting house
Most important building
Gathered for town meetings
A form of self government
Made laws and other decisions for the community
Only male church members could vote or hold office

19. By law all had to attend church services
Sermon provided instruction in New England Way
Emphasized duty, godliness, hard work and honesty
Dancing and playing games would lead to laziness
God requires them to work long and hard at their vocation
Work ethic contributed to rapid growth and success of New England Colonies
Depended on Education – laws required that all children be able to read

20. Who founded Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker
What is the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
A constitution
Extended voting rights to non-church members
Limited the power of the governor
Expanded the idea of representative government

21. Describe the Beginning of New Hampshire?
Village near Portsmouth
John Wheelwright – town of Exeter
Exeter Compact – based on Mayflower Compact

22. FOUNDING THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES

23. What attracted Catholics, Quakers and Jews to these colonies?
Religious freedom
What economic activities were important in the Middle Colonies?
Hudson and Delaware river supported shipping and commerce
River valleys had rich soil and mild winters
Conditions favorable for farming and raising livestock

24. What area did New Netherland include?
Included Hudson river Valley, Long Island, land along Delaware river
Explain the Patroon system. How did help attract settlers to New Netherland?
Patroon system
Person brought 50 settlers
Reward – patron received large land grant
Special privileges in hunting, fishing and fur trading on land
Jews, Africans as slaves, indentured servants and Puritans

25. How did the English acquire New Netherland?
Peter Stuyvesant – governor
Attacked New Sweden
New Sweden surrendered

26. Explain how the Duke of York became owners of New York?
King Charles II wanted Duke to drive Dutch out of Netherland
Dutch a threat to England’s trade
Threat because of expanding settlements and location
When Duke’s ships appeared off New Amsterdam the colony surrendered
Became a proprietary colony of New York
Duke was owner

27. How did the province of New Jersey come about?
Duke of York gave province of New Jersey to George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley
How did the owners of the New Jersey colony attract settlers?
Promised freedom of religion
Large grants of land
Representative assembly

28. How did Wm. Penn receive the land called Pennsylvania?
Joined the Quakers
Attacked for his beliefs
King Charles gave him large piece of land in America in partial payment to his family
Called Pennsylvania – Means “Penns Woods”
Created a colony for Quakers

29. How did Penn’s religious beliefs affect the way he governed Pennsylvania?
Quakers
All people should live in peace and harmony
Welcomed different religions and ethnic groups
Wanted Native Americans to be treated fairly
Policies made Pennsylvania one of the wealthiest of American Colonies

30. How did Delaware come about?
Granted three lower counties of Delaware their own Assembly – became Delaware

31. What attracted settlers to the Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Carolinas and Georgia
Soil and climate suitable for crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo

32. Why did Lord Baltimore establish Maryland?
For Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England
Promised religious freedom to attract more settlers
Passed Toleration Act

33. What was Maryland’s economy based on?
Economy based on tobacco
Used up the land
Had to clear new land every 3-4 years
Laborers came as servants or slaves
Few women as settlers

34. Who were the first settlers to Carolina and how did they live?
Early settlers build Charles Town – Charleston
Cut timber, raised cattle and traded with Native Americans
Refuge for Huguenots (French Protestants) seeking religious freedom

35. What changed the economy of Carolina and how did this lead to the beginning of slavery?
Needed laborers to grow rice and indigo
Encouraged to used enslaved Africans
Sold Native Americans into slavery
Battle between settlers and Native Americans over Indian slaves and taking of land

36. In what way did Carolina change after it became a royal colony?
Battle between settlers and Native Americans over Indian slaves and taking of land
No help from owners so they overthrew the rule
Became Royal Colony – governor appointed by King
Divided into North and South Carolina

37. Why did James Oglethorpe found Georgia?
Refuge for debtors
How did the English government intent to use the Georgia colony?
English governor wanted a military outpost against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana
Spanish tried to force English out but unsuccessful

38. Why did Oglethorpe lose control and what happened to the colony?
Who settled in Georgia?
English, German, Swiss and Scottish
All religions welcome
Why did Oglethorpe lose control and what happened to the colony?
Oglethorpe set strict rules that upset colonists
King made a royal colony

39. Visual Summary
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