1. Czar Resist Change Alexander II was assassinated by revolutionaries who were angry of slow pace of reform in Russia Alexander III halted all reforms & used autocracy (Govt. has all power) Strict censorship Secret police Russian official language Persecution of Jews (pogroms- organized violence of Jews)

2. Russia Changes Nicholas II becomes Czar 1894 & continues autocracy Russia now begins to industrialize 1863-1900 Russian factories doubled (still behind Europe) Russia builds the Trans-Siberian Railway 1891-1916. Connects western Russia to ports of the Pacific Ocean in the east

3. Russia Revolts Problems occur as Russia industrializes Poor working conditions, child labor, low wages and unions outlawed Workers revolt through strikes People begin to follow the ideas of Karl Marx Proletariat would rise up & overthrow the govt. & establish “dictatorship of the proletariat”

4. 2 Groups of Revolutionaries Form 1.Mensheviks- moderate group of people who wanted a broad base of revolutionary support 2.Bolsheviks- Radicals who would sacrifice everything for change Led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) – Engaging Personality & Excellent Organizer Lenin fled to western Europe to avoid arrest Lenin would maintain contact until safe to return to Russia

5. Crises in Russia 1904-1917 1.Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) – Both competed for Korea & Manchuria – Japan attacks Russia after Russia broke treaties that they signed 2.Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905 – 200,000 workers petition Czar for better working conditions, personal freedom and new legislature – Soldiers open fire on the crowd

6. Crisis in Russia Strikes and riots continued until Nicholas promised more freedoms & a new legislature 3.World War I Nicholas decision to go into the war with no money, poorly equipped troops not good! Nicholas moves his HQ to the war front while his wife Czarina Alexandra ran the government She ignored the chief advisers and relied on Rasputin

7. Rasputin Self described “holy man” Nicholas son, Alexis suffered from hemophilia Rasputin ease the symptoms Alexandra allowed Rasputin to make political decisions Opposed reform in Russia 1916 Rasputin murdered by a group of nobles