3. 3 Crises define the period Hundred Years War Church Corruption
Introduction
3 Crises define the period
Hundred Years War
Church Corruption
Black Death
Together, they destroyed the Age of Faith
And paved way for (1) European Renaissance, then (2) Protestant Reformation, then (3) The Modern World

4. Each Event Worsened The Others
Hundred Years War
( )
Black Death ( )
Church Corruption

5. Hundred Years War ( )
War between Kings of France and England over who should be the King of France
Actually lasted 117 years

6. Hundred Years War (1337-1453)—Causes
KOF Charles IV died in 1328
No male heirCousin becomes king, Philip IV, the Fair
KOE Edward III believes he should be KOF
Sent letter to Philip saying he will fight for throne
Invaded France in 1337

7. Hundred Years War (1337-1453)—Course
2 halves
English Period ( )
Final French victory ( )
English Period
Sluys (naval)
Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356), Agincourt (1415)
Keys to victory: Paid mercenary armies, English longbowmen
French Period
Jeanne d’Arc motivates French
Charles VII defeats English at Orleans (1429)
Momentum shifts until English driven from France

8. Hundred Years War (1337-1453)—Effects
Mercenaries become essential part of European warfare (question: what do unemployed mercenaries do?)
Gunpowder artillery signals end of castle and knight warfaremedieval warfare
Birth of nation-state (decline of local identity)

9. Royal family tree of France Note: Women can’t inherit throne
Philip III
(died 1285)
Philip IV
The Fair
(died 1314)
Charles
Count of Valois
(died 1325)
Philip V
(died 1322)
Charles IV
(died 1328)
Isabella
(died 1358)
Edward II
(died 1327)
Royal family tree of France
Note:
Women can’t inherit throne
Red=King of England
Black=King of France
Philip VI
(died 1350)
Edward III
(died 1377)

10. 100YW, when Edward III invaded France
100YW, after Black Death, Poitiers, Crecy

11. 100YW, Just prior to Jeanne d’Arc
100YW, at end

12. Church Corruption—Causes
Popes claimed supreme secular and spiritual power growing
People begin to challenge Church Authortiy
Independent religious movements break out in Europe
Only a matter of time before secular rulers challenge Church’s authority

13. Church Corruption—Avignon Papacy
Papacy in Avignon from 1308 to 1378
All French popes, under increasing control by KOF
Popes spent enormous amounts on papal palace and lavish clothing
Demanded taxes from bishops and abbeys (who in turn demanded taxes from worshippers)
Appointed relatives to church positions
This behavior destroyed the credibility and legitimacy of Pope for many

14. Church Corruption—Great Schism
In 1378, Pope Gregory XI returned Papacy to Rome, recognizing damage done to authority and credibility
Died soon afterwards
Romans rioted, threatened papal electors to ensure a Roman became next pope
That was Pope Urban VIsuspicious, arrogant, violent temper
French electors decided to elect their own insteadPope Clement VII (called the anti-pope), and moved back to Avignon
2 popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon (and at one pope one in Pisa)
In 1414, clergy realized damage this was doing to Church’s credibility
Council of Constance to bring an end to the schism
Deposed all popes, elected compromise Pope Martin V

15. How did the Hundred Years’ War worsen . . .
The Black Death
Destructiveness of war literally weakened people’s ability resist the disease
Kings focused on war not helping people
Movement of armies helped spread disease
Church Corruption
Church claimed authority over kings
Tried to stop fighting
Could not—looked powerless (no credibility) in eyes of many

16. How did the Black Death worsen . . .
Hundred Years’ War
Destructiveness of war literally weakened people’s ability resist the disease
Kings focused on war not helping people
Movement of armies helped spread disease
Church Corruption
People believed sinfulness caused Black Death
Church failed to prevent sin
Clergy more interested in money, power than in helping those suffering from the Black Death
Some clergymen fled rather than stay and help the sick

17. How did Church Corruption worsen . . .
The Black Death
People believed sinfulness caused Black Death
Church failed to prevent sin
Clergy more interested in money, power than in helping those suffering from the Black Death
Some clergymen fled rather than stay and help the sick
Hundred Years’ War
Church claimed authority over kings
Tried to stop fighting
Could not—looked powerless in eyes of many