1. THE COLD WAR APWH Unit 5

2. 1945-1991

3. The Two Sides in the Cold War Capitalism Capitalism NATO NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States, Great Britain, France, and West Germany. United States, Great Britain, France, and West Germany. Communism Communism Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact Pro-Soviet countries. USSR and all the countries controlled by the USSR. USSR and all the countries controlled by the USSR.

4. Soviet Occupation Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe Communist took over between 1947 and 1949 Communist took over between 1947 and 1949 Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Communists lost elections. Communists lost elections. Feb 25, 1948 seized control of Feb 25, 1948 seized control ofgovernment. Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Josip Broz (Tito) 1892-1980 Josip Broz (Tito) 1892-1980 Established independent Established independent communist state.

5. The Iron Curtain Winston Churchill Winston Churchill 1949 speech. 1949 speech. Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine U.S. provide money to any country threatened by communist expansion. U.S. provide money to any country threatened by communist expansion. Marshall Plan Marshall Plan European Recovery Program. European Recovery Program. $13 billion. $13 billion. Open to any European nation. Open to any European nation.

6. Europe Divided Containment. Containment. Countering Soviet pressure. Countering Soviet pressure. Germany partitioned. Germany partitioned. U.S., U.S.S.R., France, and Great Britain. U.S., U.S.S.R., France, and Great Britain. Soviet areas. Soviet areas. Repartitions. Repartitions. German Communist Party. German Communist Party. American, French, and English areas. American, French, and English areas. Gradually merged by Feb 1948. Gradually merged by Feb 1948.

8. Europe Divided Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift Soviet Blockade of Berlin Soviet Blockade of Berlin U.S. deliver supplies by plane. U.S. deliver supplies by plane. May 1949, blockade lifted. May 1949, blockade lifted. Federal Republic of Germany Federal Republic of Germany West Germany West Germany German Democratic Republic German Democratic Republic East Germany East Germany

10. The Berlin Wall

11. Cold War Alliances North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Formed in April 1949. Formed in April 1949. Created to counter Soviet growth in Eastern Europe. Created to counter Soviet growth in Eastern Europe. Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, France, Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, U.S., and Canada. Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, France, Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, U.S., and Canada. 1951 West Germany and Turkey 1951 West Germany and Turkey Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact 1955 defensive alliance. 1955 defensive alliance. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and U.S.S.R. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and U.S.S.R.

13. Who started the Cold War? Stalin? Stalin? Truman? Truman? Both? Both?

14. Cold War in Asia At Yalta, Stalin promised interest in Manchuria. At Yalta, Stalin promised interest in Manchuria. Promised alliance with Republic of China. Promised alliance with Republic of China. Not to provide support to Communists in China. Not to provide support to Communists in China. Relations between Chiang and U.S. frayed. Relations between Chiang and U.S. frayed. US disillusioned with corruption. US disillusioned with corruption. Communists building strength in North. Communists building strength in North. Peoples Liberation Army (PLA). Peoples Liberation Army (PLA). U.S. liaisons impressed. U.S. liaisons impressed. Sought coalition government. Sought coalition government.

15. Chinese Civil War 1946, Full Scale War. 1946, Full Scale War. Millions of peasants joined PLA. Millions of peasants joined PLA. Middle class support. Middle class support. Chiang’s troops began to defect. Chiang’s troops began to defect. 1948, PLA captured Beijing. 1948, PLA captured Beijing. Chiang's government and 2 million followers fled to Taiwan. Chiang's government and 2 million followers fled to Taiwan. 1950, Truman declared support for Taiwan. 1950, Truman declared support for Taiwan. 1954, Mutual security treaty with Taiwan. 1954, Mutual security treaty with Taiwan.

16. CCP Rule Chinese Communist Party. Chinese Communist Party. Focus on domestic issues. Focus on domestic issues. Erase centuries of humiliation. Erase centuries of humiliation. Restore traditional frontier. Restore traditional frontier. Tributary states. Tributary states.

17. Korean War In August 1945, U.S. and Soviet Union divided Korea. In August 1945, U.S. and Soviet Union divided Korea. Planned to hold elections Planned to hold elections On June 25, 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. On June 25, 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. U.N. Security Council resolution to stop invasion. U.N. Security Council resolution to stop invasion. September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur crossed the 38 th parallel. September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur crossed the 38 th parallel. November 1950, Chinese forces drove U.N. troops back to the 38 th parallel. November 1950, Chinese forces drove U.N. troops back to the 38 th parallel. U.S. 7 th fleet to Taiwan strait to stop invasion. U.S. 7 th fleet to Taiwan strait to stop invasion.

18. Korean War July 1953 cease fire agreement July 1953 cease fire agreement DMZ established. DMZ established. Demilitarized Zone Demilitarized Zone 38 th Parallel. 38 th Parallel. No official treaty has been signed to end to war. No official treaty has been signed to end to war.

19. Conflict in Indo China Ho Chi Mihn. Ho Chi Mihn. French returned to claim former colony. French returned to claim former colony. Dec 1946 anti colonial struggle. Dec 1946 anti colonial struggle. 1954 Geneva Conference. 1954 Geneva Conference. Cambodia and Laos independent and neutral. Cambodia and Laos independent and neutral.

20. Confrontation to Coexistence 1949, Soviets detonate first atomic bomb. 1949, Soviets detonate first atomic bomb. 1953, Stalin dies. 1953, Stalin dies. Grergy Malenkov. Grergy Malenkov. Short-term leader until Short-term leader until permanent replacement is chosen. Nikita Khrushchev 1955-1964. Nikita Khrushchev 1955-1964.

21. Unrest in Eastern Europe 1953, Eastern Berlin. 1953, Eastern Berlin. Popular riots Popular riots 1956, Poland. 1956, Poland. Demonstrations. Demonstrations. Leaders stepped down. Leaders stepped down. Wladyslaw Gomulka (1905-1982). Wladyslaw Gomulka (1905-1982). October 1956, Hungary. October 1956, Hungary. Matyas Rakosi. Matyas Rakosi. Student led popular riots. Student led popular riots. Imre Nagy (1896-1958). Imre Nagy (1896-1958). Promised free elections. Promised free elections. Moscow sent troops. Moscow sent troops. Installed Janos Kadar. Installed Janos Kadar.

22. Unrest in Eastern Europe 1957, Soviets first ICBM. 1957, Soviets first ICBM. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. Designed for nuclear warhead capabilities. Designed for nuclear warhead capabilities. West Berlin problem. West Berlin problem. Khrushchev backed down. Khrushchev backed down. Cultural exchange between East and West. Cultural exchange between East and West.

23. Third World Rivalry Khrushchev sought alliances. Khrushchev sought alliances. Nassar in Egypt. Nassar in Egypt. Nehru in India. Nehru in India. Castro in Cuba. Castro in Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis. Cuban Missile Crisis. 1959, Castro takes over Cuba. 1959, Castro takes over Cuba. Bay of Pigs. Bay of Pigs. USSR decided to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. USSR decided to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. Kennedy blockaded Soviet fleet from reaching Cuba. Kennedy blockaded Soviet fleet from reaching Cuba. Closest point of nuclear war between USSR and US. Closest point of nuclear war between USSR and US. 1963, set up hotline between Washington and Moscow. 1963, set up hotline between Washington and Moscow.

24. People in the United States built more bomb shelters.

25. Sino-Soviet Dispute China becoming more radical. China becoming more radical. Convinced successful Soviet space program meant superior. Convinced successful Soviet space program meant superior. Soviets began to remove advisors from China. Soviets began to remove advisors from China. 1961 open dispute. 1961 open dispute. Isolating China. Isolating China.

26. Vietnam War Part 2 of the conflict in Indochina. Part 2 of the conflict in Indochina. Ngo Dihn Diem in South Vietnam. Ngo Dihn Diem in South Vietnam. Refused to hold elections. Refused to hold elections. 1959, Minh decided to promote revolution in South Vietnam. 1959, Minh decided to promote revolution in South Vietnam. 1963, South Vietnam on verge of collapse. 1963, South Vietnam on verge of collapse. Vietcong. Vietcong. 1965, on verge of seizing control, 1965, on verge of seizing control, United States President Johnson decides to send in combat troops. United States President Johnson decides to send in combat troops.

27. If Vietnam goes Communist, Southeast Asia will follow, along with everything east of Europe.

28. Vietnam War 1968, war at stalemate. 1968, war at stalemate. 1969, Nixon new U.S. president. 1969, Nixon new U.S. president. Began troop withdrawal. Began troop withdrawal. Nixon sends Kissinger to China. Nixon sends Kissinger to China. 1972, Nixon visits China. 1972, Nixon visits China. Fall of Saigon. Fall of Saigon. January 1973 peace treaty. January 1973 peace treaty. 1975, Communists resumed offensive. 1975, Communists resumed offensive. Communists reunify country. Communists reunify country. Led to relations between US and China. Led to relations between US and China.