1. A History

2. Turkic Migrations into Middle East Osman’s People Ottoman Expansion Ottoman Interregnum Taking of Constantinople

4. Strong Sultans: 1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror) Captured Constantinople 1481-1512: Bayezit II (The Just) Consolidated And Strengthened the Empire, defeated a major revolt. 1512-1520: Selim I (The Steadfast) First Caliph: Doubled the Empire’s size, mostly in Asia and Africa 1520-1566: Suleyman I (The Magnificent) Expanded Empire into much of the Balkans 1566-1683: Nine different Sultans. Mostly weak.

5. Strong Sultans: 1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror) Captured Constantinople 1481-1512: Bayezit II (The Just) Consolidated And Strengthened the Empire, defeated a major revolt. 1512-1520: Selim I (The Steadfast) First Caliph: Doubled the Empire’s size, mostly in Asia and Africa 1520-1566: Suleyman I (The Magnificent) Expanded Empire into much of the Balkans 1566-1683: Nine different Sultans. Mostly weak.

7. In addition to an era of military expansion, interesting cultural aspects of the Empire were developing.  1465: Completion of Topkapi palace in Istanbul, seat of Ottoman Power.  1492: Bayezit II makes a point of welcoming Jews exiled by Spain to Istanbul.  1547: Hapsburg leader Ferdinand recognizes Ottoman rule in Hungary  1648-1656: Sultanate of Women

8. September 1683, Ottoman army once again laid siege to Vienna, troubling time for German princes who also had to confront Louis XIV on the Rhine. Jan Sobieski, King of Poland came to the aid of Vienna, sought diversion from internal disputes with nobility. Rode out upon Ottoman encampment, captured huge amounts of material supplies, symbolic tokens and “Veni, Vidi, Deus Vicit” *Spoiler Alert* Led to 1699 Peace of Carlowitz.

9. Military defeat and Political reorganization Defeat came on three fronts—the Balkans against the Hapsburgs, the Black Sea against the Russians, and the East against the Safavid Empire

11. “Great Turkish War of 1683-1697 Vienna, 1683 Mohacs, 1687 Slankamen, 1691 Zenta, 1697 Treaty of Karlowitz, 1699 Treaty of Passarowitz, 1718

12. Azov, 1695 Treaty of Constantinople, 1700 Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 Crimea Annexed, 1783

13. Loss of Azerbaijan, 1723-1736

15. Ottoman Military reforms Treaties vs. Actively seeking conflict The Serbian Revolution and other independence movements Tanzimat Period Crimean War

16. 1856- Treaty of Paris 1877- Russo-Turkish War 1878- Treaty of San Stefano 1878- Congress of Berlin

17. 1893- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was founded 1895-1897 – External Organization/ IMRO begin guerilla warfare 1911- Tripolitanian War 1912– Balkan Wars

19. 1914 – World War I begins 1915-1916 – Armenian Massacre 1916--Battle of Gallipoli 1920—Treaty of Sevres 1922—Most Greeks in Anatolian fled leaving only Turks 1923/1924—Sultanate and then Caliphate were abolished