1. Akbar the Great

2. Akbar the great Second battle of Panipat-1556 Hemu Bairam Khan
Bairam Khan’s legacy
Manages affairs for 4 years.
Conquered Gwalior, Ajmer, Jaipur
At the age of 18, in 1560, Akbar assumes absolute power.
Panipat

3. Conquests of Akbar Malwa:- (1561)led by Adham Khan.
Baz Bahadur, the Afghan king fled.
Gondwana:- (1564) Defeated Rani Durgavati.
Rajputs:-enters into matrimonial alliances.
Raja of Jaipur(amber)
Rana of Mewar(Udai singh) refused. Led an army to Chittor. Death of Jai Mal, Rajput commander was a blow.

4. Conflict with Rana Pratap Singh
1576
Haldighati
Udai singh built Udaipur-new capital.
Recovers parts of
Chittor.

5. Akbar the great Conquest of Gujarat- 1572
Cotton fields, flourishing seaports, trade with European merchants.
Conquest of Bengal
Trade links with south east Asia and China.
Rich revenues to Mughal treasury
Conquests of North west
Kashmir, Kandahar, lower Sind(1591)
Baluchistan (1595)
Deccan Campaigns-1601
Berar, Khandesh, part of Ahmadnagar.

6. His empire stretched from Hind Kush mountains in the west to Brahmaputra in the east, Himalayas in the north to Godavari in the south.

7. Administration of Akbar
Central Administration
Decision was final, word was law.
Commander-in-chief of armed forces
Supreme judge on all matters of justice.
Sole right in making appointments, dismissal, promotion
Council of ministers:- 1
Wazir/diwan
Revenue department 2
Mir bakshi
Military and head of mansabdars 3
Qazi
Chief judge 4
Chief sadr
Supervisor of royal household

8. Meetings in Diwan-i-khas
For private audience

9. Provincial Administration
Diwan-i-Aam
Common subjects
Provincial Administration
Subas
panchayat
sarkars
Subhedar and diwan
parganas
villages

10. The mansabdari system Mansabdar-holder of a rank
Every officer given a rank or mansab
on the nature of job.
Salary/jagirs given according to rank
After his death, back to the king
Cavalry, loyal trusted soldiers,
royal body guards,
palace guards, artillery.

11. Revenue System-Todar Mal’s bandobast
Use of bamboo jarib to survey land
4 categories(times cultivated)
Good, bad ,middling
Revenue based on average
of past 10 years
1/3rd was King’s share.
Relief measures for the peasants.

12. Akbar interacting with religious scholars.
Ibadat Khana – Hall of Prayer(1575)
Invited leaders of other faiths to have discussions on matters related to religion.
Issues declaration called the mazhar, which gave him the power to chose different interpretation
of the Islamic law.
Akbar interacting with religious scholars.

13. Akbar’s religion
Sulh-i-Kul or universal peace.
Formation of Din-i-llahi
belief in one God
Emperor as God’s representative on earth
Rajput policy
Treated them with respect
Did not annex their kingdoms, if they recognized him as their overlord and paid him regular tribute.
Social reforms.
Prohibited sati, legalized widow remarriage.
Discouraged child marriage. 14 yrs for girls and 16 for boys.

14. Educational reforms Study of secular subjects
Translation department set up.
Literature
Akbarnama by Abul Fazl-fine Persian work
Faizi, poet-laureate
Raja Birbal-hindi Kavi Raj
Ramacharitamanas written by
Tulsidas
24000 books-written by
calligraphists.

15. Paintings
Miniature paintings
Architecture
-Indo-Islamic style.

16. Architecture

17. Music 36 top ranking musicians. 7 groups for 7 days of the week.
Tansen-combined Indian and Persian styles.

18. Navratnas.

19. Akbar’s Tomb
Sikandera, Agra