1. & Origins of the Cold War U.S. History & The Constitution
Unit 11 Notes:
Post World War II
& Origins of the Cold War
U.S. History & The Constitution

2. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
containment
1.) The U.S. began to formulate a policy of ______________, the taking of measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries,
that was initially carried out by the Truman Doctrine.

3. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
2.) By 1946, the US-USSR tensions were publicly recognized. Winston Churchill
said an ____________________ had descended upon Europe.
Iron Curtain

4. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
3.) The conflicting U.S. & Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the
_______________, a conflict in which neither nation directly confronted the other on the battlefield.
Cold War

5. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
Truman Doctrine
4.) The _____________________ declared that “it must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed members or by outside pressures (aka: keep Soviet influence from spreading).

6. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
5.) Fearing that a war-torn & economically weak Western Europe
would elect socialist/communist governments, the US offered aid,
the _________________________, to promote economic rebuilding.
Marshall Plan

7. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
6.) The first Soviet test of the US policy was the Berlin blockade. The US
responded with the ________________________ & the US won this first
Cold War confrontation.
Berlin Airlift

8. 26.1: Origins of the Cold War
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
7.) The _________________________________(NATO) established a military
alliance aimed at the USSR.

9. 26.2: The Cold War Heats Up
China
8.) After a long civil war, _______, under the leadership of the American-backed nationalist Chiang Kai-shek, fell to the communist forces led by Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong). The nationalists fled to Taiwan (Formosa) & the country then became two separate countries.

10. 26.2: The Cold War Heats Up
9.) In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea.
At the urging of the Truman administration,
the United Nations voted unanimously to
demand a cease fire. Although the UN
supported a ‘police action’ to defend
South Korea, the majority of troops &
financial support for the ____________
came from the US. Formal peace negotiations
ended with North Korean forces contained
above the 38th parallel, a victory for
containment at a cost of 34,000 American
lives.
Korean War

11. 26.3: The Cold War at Home
10.) Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy gave his name to the anticommunist
crusade, _____________, which used the tactic of the Big Lie, repeating an untrue accusation of affiliation with communism loudly & often, to smear countless diplomats, artists & statesmen.
McCarthyism

12. 26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
11.) The test explosion of an atomic bomb by the USSR led the US to
accelerate the development of the _______________ & began a nuclear arms race & then a space race.
Hydrogen Bomb

13. 26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Warsaw Pact
12.) In 1955, the Soviet Union organized the ______________, a military alliance of Eastern European nations & the USSR for defense against NATO.

14. 26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
13.) President Eisenhower issued the ______________________ in January of 1957 in response to Soviet support for Egypt. It warned that the U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.
Eisenhower Doctrine

15. National Defense Education Act to promote science & math skills
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Sputnik
14.) The Cold War, intensified by the launch of ________ in 1957, resulted in an increased emphasis on quality education, especially in science and math. Prosperity allowed young people to stay in school longer and more young women attended college.
1958 = Congress passed the
National Defense Education Act
to promote science & math skills

16. 27.1: Postwar America
15.) Educational programs expanded as a result of postwar conditions.
Veterans returning from war took advantage of the __________, also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, to attend colleges & trade schools thus providing a more educated & skilled work force that would, in turn, promote economic & cultural growth in the postwar period.
G.I. Bill

17. 27.1: Postwar America
loans
16.) This education act made available federally guaranteed _________ to veterans buying homes or starting new businesses.

18. 27.1: Postwar America
17.) In protest to President Truman’s civil rights push, Southern Democrats,
also known as _____________, for the States’ Rights Party, & nominated their presidential candidate, SC governor Strom Thurmond.
Dixiecrats

19. 27.1: Postwar America
18.) Returning veterans who married & began families needed more housing,
spurring _________________. The baby boom of the late 1940s & 1950s also contributed to the growth of suburbia.
suburbanization

20. 27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
19.) The end of the Great Depression and World War II & the prosperity of
the 1950s contributed to an explosion in the birthrate. This ______________ led to an increase in the number of school age children & placed a strain on the educational system so that new schools were needed.
baby boom

21. 27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
20.) The wide availability of the automobile & the expansion of highways by
the passage of the _____________________ during the Eisenhower administration accelerated the growth of suburbs.
Interstate Highway Act

22. 27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
21.) Pent-up demand for consumer goods that were unaffordable during the Depression years & unavailable during wartime created markets for a wide array of goods & services and helped to recreate _____________.
consumerism

23. 27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
22.) In the fall of 1963, American spy planes photographed missiles sites being built in Cuba. President Kennedy placed a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent the Soviets from arming these sites. After 13 days of tension, an agreement was reached that ended the ___________________ and averted nuclear confrontation.
Cuban Missile Crisis