1. NEZ PERCE FLEE TO CANADA By: Anna Faigenbaum, Julia Vollmer, Alexa Ellis

2. Nez Perce Tribe  Nez Perce Tribe called themselves the Nimiipuu (Pronounced: Nemepue) (which means “the real people”  Nez Perce means “pierced nose”  Friendly to white trappers  Some Nez Perce woman married the white trappers

3. The Start of the Wars  Most extended Indian battle in the region was a fighting retreat led by Chief Joseph, Chief White Bird, and others.  Ulysses S. Grant (American president) opened the Nez Perce home land to white settlement (Wallowa valley in eastern Oregon)  Ulysses S. Grant ordered Nez Perce to move to the Lapwai reservation in Idaho

4. Wars and Battles of 1877  Young Nez Perce started murdering and raiding settlers along the salmon river  Chief Joseph started preparing for war because he knew that these small attacks would lead to war  300 Indians beat the soldiers at White Bird Canyon in Idaho on June 17 1877  The Nez Perce fled because they knew they couldn’t beat General Howards whole army

5. Wars and Battles of 1877  A series of battles against Howard (and later Colonel Miles) led Chief Joseph and Chief Ollokot to lead 800 people to escape north.  On their journey, they beat 10 units of U.S. soldiers.  They thought they were finished battling, and were only 40 miles from the Canadian Border, when they stopped at the Bear Paw Mts., MT.  Then, Miles led his troops to attack the Nez Perce on September 30 th. They fought for 5 days, and Joseph and White Bird refused to surrender after they were nearly beaten, so they fled to Canada.

6. End of Battles  Chief Joseph had a famous quote which was “I will fight no more forever.” because he wanted peace.  Chief Joseph was told that the Nez Perce would be moved back to an area in Oregon.  In 1885, Nez Perce were moved to the Lapwai Reservation.  Others went to the Colville Reservation in north east Washington.  In 1904, Joseph died, and was buried there.