1. France: 1870-1914 By Sean, Tyler and Michelle For Social 20-1IB

2. Government In the Third Republic First President of new Republic was Adolphe Thiers (1871-1873), who was generally nonpartisan Thiers Replaced by monarchist Marshal McMahon Government in Versailles due to Paris Commune

3. Paris Commune Lasted 73 days (18 March-28 May, 1871) First socialist/communist (debatable which it was) government in Europe Had elements of anarchism and Jacobinism in it Introduced free secular education for both genders, communal workshops and abolished petty workplace fines Social classes divided on opinion of commune: workers and middle class loved it, everyone else didn’t

4. Foreign Policy and Treaties Three goals: Own lots of Africa, get allies (to combat isolation by Germany) and get back Alsace-Lorraine Signed Entente Cordial with England, but weren’t happy about having to do it (1904) Triple Entente with England and Russia (1907)

5. Internal Policies Persecution of Catholics Most people never went to church, so everyone was okay with it No Catholic presidents in years leading up to World War One Ferry Laws

6. approved churches could not teach in state run schools unapproved churches could not run schools at all “ecole sans Dieu” free primary education for both genders Parents must contact school if children are absent Teachers wages protected (i.e., cannot be lowered) Essentially, modern schools as we know them were established

7. Dreyfus Affair Jewish military officer falsely accused of being a spy for Germany, imprisoned based on forged documents When evidence of forgery came out, the military tried to cover it up Word spread about the cover-up Was exonerated after 5 years, went on to serve in WWI

8. Boulanger Affair Georges Ernest Boulanger was a general in the army and a reactionary politician Part of leaders that destroyed Paris Commune Was a conservative monarchist He dominated French politics in 1888 Was a favored candidate for presidency Was recognized as potential military dictator Boulangism based on revenge on Germany, restoration of the monarchy and revision of the constitution Scared the Third Republic, but never won major seats Charged with treason in 1889, fled from Paris, then killed himself in Jersey