1. Meet cum, prep. + abl. with

2. cum, conj. when introduces a temporal subordinate clause Cum eum vidēbis, eum cognōscēs. When you see him, you will know him. Cum vincimus, tum pācem spērās. When we are conquering, you are hoping for peace. Cum agmen ad illum locum vēnerat, tum amīcōs Romanī contulerant. Not only had the army come to that place, but the Romans had also brought their allies. ? Temporal cum clauses

3. cum, conj. when describes general circumstances Cum hoc fēcisset, ad tē fūgit. When he had done this, he fled to you. Cum Caesar bellum in Galliā ageret, multī Gallicī in servitūtem redigēbant. When Caesar was waging war in Gaul, many Gauls were enslaved. ? Circumstantial cum clause

4. cum, conj. since describes cause of main action Cum hoc scīret, potuit eōs iuvāre. Since he knew this, he was able to help them. Themistoclēs, cum Graeciam servitūte Persicā līberāvisset et propter invidiam in exsilium expulsus esset, ingrātae patriae iniūriam nōn tulit quam ferre dēbuit. ? Causal cum clause

5. Cum hoc scīret, tamen mīlitēs mīsit. Although he knew this, nevertheless he sent soldiers. Cum Gāium dīligerēmus, nōn poterāmus eum iuvāre. Although we loved Gaius, we were not able to help him. Cum hī decem virī ex moenibus semel discessissent, alia occāsiō pācis numquam oblāta est. Although these ten men had departed from the walls once, another occasion of peace has never been offered. cum, conj. although describes something true even though something else happens ? Adversative cum clause

6. Remember!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! cum rosā = with + noun Cum ille eam cēperat, omnēs Graecī ad Trōiam navigāvērunt. Cum lingua Latina dūrus sit, dīscipūlīque dīscipūlaeque illam annōs duo mīlia didicērunt. Cum linguam Latinam studeāmus, linguam Anglicam melius intellegimus. Cum ille urbem vīcisset, omnēs civitātēs caedēbat.