1. History of Malaysia

3. Early kingdoms in Malaysia
Malay Sultanate
by Parameswara fled from Palembang to Temasik- Muar- Bertam- Melaka
- from the tree he rested on/ arab word meaning Market
-threat from Ayuthia (siam)
- request protection from China
- china protect melaka from attack
- embrace Islam in (Iskandar Shah)
- attrack traders from India & Arab
- Sultan Muzaffar took over- Malacca Strong

4. Continued during Mansur Shah until Sultan Mahmud Shah
European penetration sendLopez to negotiate trading but was imprisoned by Sultan.
Alfonso de Albuqerque attacked Malacca for 130 years
2 princes of Sultan Mahmud set up their own country Johore & Perak
Johore continue legacy
Acheh was a threat
1641 Dutch chased Portugese out

5. British colonisation
Colonisation of Penang - achieved through agressiveness & deception- 18th century
Strategic as military and commercial base
Industrial revolution in europe and msia rich in natural resources
Facing military treats from Siam and Burma
Offered British settlement if willing to help
Francis Light agree without approval of EIC
When EIC refuse to help, ordered to leave

6. British attacked Seberang Perai
Sultan Kedah had to accept – beginning of British occupation
Difficult to get food supply- force Kedah to deliver Seberang Perai on certain payment
They look for better location
Stamford Rafles took side during the dispute of two Johore Sultan’s son and as gratitude allowed settlement in Spore

7. Anglo Dutch Treaty Dutch surrender Malacca to British while British surrender Bankahulu to Dutch
Thus Penang, Malacca & Spore = Straits Settlements
Pangkor Treaty British interfere in Perak through Resident System
Resident to advise Sultan on adminstration except Religion and Custom
JWW Birch killed in Pasir Salak

8. Due to weakness in Resident System, The federated Malay states was form in 1895 to unite- Perak, N Sembilan, Pahang, Selangor
Bangkok Treaty Perlis, Kedah , Trengganu & Kelantan& Johore given to British by Siam – The Unfederated Malay States
Malay ruler persuaded to accept a British Commisioner

9. Japanese occupation
Early 1940’s Japan encountered problem due to shortage of Raw material and agricultural purpose
Japanese invaded Malaya through Kota Bahru – Spore- 18/12/1941
Army also landed in Siam
Japanese treated malay well and chinese badly

10. Reasons for Japanese success
British not prepared to face sudden attack
Prince ofWales and Repulse were destroyed
Japanese trained for guerilla attack
Japanese landed in Kota Bahru when British defended in Spore
Japan received cooperation from Siam
Japanese received info from Siam

11. Socio-economic effect on Japanese occupation
Epidemic
Citizens being tortured and killed
Shortage of food supply
Suspicions against each other
Unemployment
Extinguishing all British influence
Forced labour
Confiscating of medications

12. Difference in treatment towards different races
Malay :- as police and military
“Asia for Asia”
Chinese :-
-bad treatment
–moved away from town area
-started MPAJA/joined PKM
- affected by war between China and Japan
Indian :- used to help chase away British from India

13. After effect of Japanese occupation
Encourage the development of nationalism
Eg KMM
Communalism becomes very strong among the races
Economic downfall
Starts the idea of requesting of independence

14. Malayan Union
After Japanese return, British announced Malayan Union on 10/10/1945 –uniformity in administration
Harold Macmicheal send to obtain signature who threatened and forced Sultan to sign
Malayan Union failed due to :-
strong opposition from Malays
Wrong timing
Non support from non Malay leaders
MacMicheal approach

15. Include the preparation of self-rule
Upon dissolution of Malayan Union, a new constitution was drafted and came into effect :- 1st February 1948-Federation of Malaya Constitution with a British High Commissioner placed as highest administrator
Include the preparation of self-rule
The first election held in 1955 and Tungku become the first PM

16. A meeting held in London attended by Tungku Abdul Rahman decided to form the Reid Commission headed by Lord Reid to draw a new constitution for independent
The commission consist of expert from UK, Australia, India and Pakistan
Draft accepted and declared as Constitution of Federation of Malaya on 31/8/1957

17. After 6 years, Singapore, Sabah & Sarawak joined with Malaya to become Malaysia
Cobbold Commission was set up to examine the reaction of people of Sabah Sarawak- after confirmation, drafting started
Wef 16/9/1963 – Constitution of Malaysia
Reasons behind forming of Malaysia was :-
The threat of communist
Racial imbalance
Independence of Singapore, Sabah & Sarawak
Economic corporation

18. In Singapore , Lee Kuan Yew conducted referendum and shows 70% supported
Brunei-large number objected
Brunei back off last minute following an armed revolt staged by Brunei Parti Rakyat and decided not to proceed to avoid reoccurence
In 9/8/1965- Singapore withdrew
Philippines objected and claimed Sabah & Sarawak were part of them
Indonesia protested and launched confrontation but it came to an end when took over by Sukarno 1965

19. 13th May 1969
The worst racial clash has resulted in the worst ever scars in the heart of all Malaysian
It started with invasion of Japanese which had destroyed our trust towards each other.
After General election Parti Gerakan (then the opposition) had won many seats and started with the procession which later turns ugly
Started in Kampung Baru, KL and then spread all over Malaysia

20. Many people died, property and vehicle destroyed by fire.
Many people were arrested.
The PM, then Tungku Abdul Rahman declared emergency and things got better eventually.
The incident had proven that Malaysian then has not been united especially among the races.
The Government decided that something must be done to intergrate the multi racial society in Malaysia.
The Rukun Negara came about on the 31/8/1970 to ensure the integration among Malaysians