1. Rwanda Non West 2014

2. Background HUTUs Majority – 80% Migrated from southern Africa General: Found themselves as laborers and farmers TUTSIS Minority – 20% Migrated from northern Africa (Egypt) General: Found themselves as the elite and political rulers

3. Background Ruled by Belgium after WWI; used a ‘divide and conquer’ strategy to rule the country Belgians favored the TUTSI minority and used them to help govern the country 1926 – Belgians introduced a ethnic identification system Tutsis were given privileges such as Western style education, which the Hutu majority was excluded from

4. Background Hutus could only be laborers or low level workers 1950s – Educated Tutsis began to question colonial rule Belgian pulled a ‘turn face’ in which they began to favor the Hutu majority instead of the Tutsis. 1960s - Belgium organized elections and elected Hutus to power

5. Background Over 200,000 Tutsis fled to neighboring countries and formed a rebel guerrilla army: The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) 1962 – Belgium withdrew from Rwanda giving them Independence

6. Background Gregoire Kayibanda was the first president but was later ousted by Juvenal Habyarimana who ruled from 1973 – 1994 Habyarimana used the RPF as a way to gain support from Hutus by increasing hatred of the Tutsis 1990 – The RPF invaded Rwanda and civil war broke out; an accord mandating that Hutus and Tutsis share power was signed

7. Genocide Begins Ethnic tensions began to increase, and the ideology that Tutsis wanted to enslave and murder the Hutus emerged 1993 – A cease fire was ordered; A United Nations peacekeeping force of 2,500 is dispatched to preserve the cease-fire April 6, 1994 – Rwandan President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down near Kigali airport, and the Genocide began

8. Genocide After the death of Habyariman, instantly killings began Agathe Uwilingiyimana the first female prime minister took power, but was assassinated The Hutu extremist radio – RTLM, and the state supported radio – Radio Rwanda, encouraged the mass murder of the “cockroaches.” These cockroaches were Tutsis and Hutu moderates

9. Genocide Mass killings, organized and not, began to plague the country Most victims were killed in their own villages and towns by neighbors usually by being hacked to death by machetes Those who did not get involved in the murders were often murdered themselves

10. Genocide Some massacres that occurred include the massacre at Nyarubuye, where 1500 Tutsis took refuge in a church. The Interahamwe began bulldozing the church, those who tried to escape were hacked to death Rape was also used as a weapon during the Genocide. Up to 500,000 Tutsi women were raped

11. Genocide Between April and June 1994, an estimated 800,000 Rwandans were killed in the space of 100 days An estimated 10,000 people were murdered each day 400,000 children were left orphans

12. Genocide Bodies found in mass graves Some mass graves contained over 50,000 bodies

13. Genocide Bullet holes on a school where Hutus raided and murdered hiding Tutsis

18. International Involvement UN and international involvement was limited due to little national interest The U.N. Security Council votes unanimously to abandon Rwanda. The remainders of U.N. peacekeeping troops are pulled out, leaving only a tiny force of 200 soldiers for the entire country. International troops were deployed, but to evacuate foreigners only.

19. After the Genocide The Rwandan Patriotic Front eventually took power of Rwanda General Paul Kagame was the leader of the RPF invasion in 1994 In 2003 Kagame became Rwanda’s first elected president since the genocide. Not only did he win, he received 95% of the votes.

20. After the Genocide Rwanda was left with a crisis amongst the children; many of which were either orphaned or forced to join in the massacre, leaving them with haunting memories UNICEF has worked with Rwandan youth to educated and help cope with the Genocide Rwanda is also facing an Aids outbreak, greatly due to the mass rape that occurred during the Genocide

21. After the Genocide However, Rwanda now looks towards the future; by promoting forgiveness and tacking economic growth, human rights, and environmental concerns. Rwanda is considered a success story after the genocide based on its growth and way of dealing with the Genocide