1. 1 1 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim Programming & Flowchart

2. 1.INTRODUCTION  Why learn programming? There are several answers to that. Computers are ubiquitous—your car, your mp3 player, the orbiting satellites which provide us with the ability to communicate and the automatic coffee maker all use a computer of some sort. Knowing how to program provides us with a bit of insight into how our world functions.  Learning how to program is a very good way of learning how to solve problems. analyze synthesize  To write a successful program one has to be able to analyze the problem or task, and then synthesize the solution in the form of a program. Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim 2 2

3. 3  ANALYSIS involves the breaking down of a problem into its components, while SYNTHESIS involves bring together components to make a whole.  Finally, programming is fun. It can be frustrating at times, but when you have a program that does what you want it to do it is a very satisfying. It is a creative process that exercises your brain. 3 3 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim

4. 2.FLOWCHARTS  A flowchart is a graphical way of representing a set of instructions. Each instruction is contained in a box.  Flowcharts use special shapes to represent different types of actions or steps in a process. Lines and arrows show the sequence of the steps, and the relationships among them. Such as, Start/End The terminator symbol marks the starting or ending point of the system. It usually contains the word "Start" or "End." 4 4 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim

5. Action or Process The terminator symbol marks the starting or ending point of the system. It usually contains the word "Start" or "End." Document A printed document or report. Decision A decision or branching point. Lines representing different decisions emerge from different points of the diamond. 5 5 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim

6. Input/Output Represents material or information entering or leaving the system, such as customer order (input) or a product (output). Connector Indicates that the flow continues where a matching symbol (containing the same letter) has been placed. Flow Line Lines indicate the sequence of steps and the direction of flow. 6 6 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim

7. Subroutine Indicates a sequence of actions that perform a specific task embedded within a larger process. This sequence of actions could be described in more detail on a separate flowchart. Loop Limit Indicates the point at which a loop should stop. Data storage Indicates a step where data gets stored. Display Indicates a step that displays information. 7 7 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim

8.  Flowchart Presentation 8 8 Eng. Mohamed Eltaher Eng.Ahmed Ibrahim