1. Q3,J4 A) “Hitler was a vegetarian, therefore, I don’t trust vegetarians.” B) “You can’t prove that there aren’t Martians living in caves under the surface of Mars, so it is reasonable for me to believe there are.” What is wrong with these arguments?

2. Logical Fallacies Or….”how to look smart and win at arguments” Or…”how to make sure you’re not taken for a fool.” Logical Fallacies: Errors in reasoning

3. bandwagon fallacy: concluding that an idea has merit simply because many people believe it or practice it. e.g., Most people believe in a god; therefore, it must prove true. Simply because many people may believe something says nothing about the fact of that something. For example many people during the Black plague believed that demons caused disease. The number of believers say nothing at all about the cause of disease.

4. begging the question (or assuming the answer): Asking a question to lead the listener into believing you. e.g., We must encourage our youth to go to church to instill moral behavior. But does religion and worship actually produce moral behavior?

5. circular reasoning: stating in one's proposition that which one aims to prove. e.g. God exists because the Bible says so; the Bible exists because God influenced it.

6. red herring: when the arguer diverts the attention by changing the subject.

7. slippery slope: a change in procedure, law, or action, will result in adverse consequences. e.g., If we allow doctor assisted suicide, then eventually the government will control how we die. It does not necessarily follow that just because we make changes that a slippery slope will occur.

8. straw man: creating a false or made up scenario and then attacking it. e.g., Evolutionists think that everything came about by random chance. Most evolutionists think in terms of natural selection which may involve incidental elements, but does not depend entirely on random chance. Painting your opponent with false colors only deflects the purpose of the argument.

9. two wrongs make a right: trying to justify what we did by accusing someone else of doing the same. e.g. how can you judge my actions when you do exactly the same thing? The guilt of the accuser has no relevance to the discussion.