1. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 1 Inter-regional coordination, the experience of PANAGIC Enrique Fernández Univ. Autónoma de Barcelona/IFAE

2. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 2 PaNAGIC: Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics and Gravitation International Committee The creation of PaNAGIC was first considered in 1997, at a meeting of the OECD Mega-Science Forum in Taormina, Italy. At that forum it was realized that the field of particle astrophysics was growing worldwide, involving an increasing number of scientists and resources, as well as some large projects. PaNAGIC was then established by IUPAP in 1998 as a Working Group (WG 4) to foster international cooperation in the field of “Particle Astrophysics”.

3. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 3

4. 4 PaNAGIC mandate Mandate:”support international exchange of ideas and help in the convergence of the international scientific community in the large scale activity in the emerging field of particle and nuclear astrophysics, gravitation and cosmology”.

5. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 5 PaNAGIC mandate Mandate:”support international exchange of ideas and help in the convergence of the international scientific community in the large scale activity in the emerging field of particle and nuclear astrophysics, gravitation and cosmology”. The purposes of PaNAGIC are: To promote and to provide a forum for international coordination of large-scale activities. To develop a common culture in these emerging fields. To promote and help to organize regular world-wide meetings, workshops and schools in these areas.

6. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 6 PaNAGIC mandate The fields of PaNAGIC are: The study of basic constituents of matter and their interactions by non-accelerator means. H.E. cosmic photons and neutrinos, dark matter searches,... The study of the sources, acceleration mechanism and propagation of high energy particles in the Universe. Astrophysics of extreme environments, cosmic ray sources... The study of nuclear and particle properties and processes of astrophysical interest in the Universe. intrinsic properties, nuclear astrophysics,... The study of gravity, including the detection and the astrophysical sources of gravitational waves.

7. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 7 PaNAGIC aims and relation to Commissions These subjects are interdisciplinary and thus PaNAGIC has relations with the following commissions: C4:Cosmic Rays C11:Particles and Fields C12:Nuclear Physics C19:Astrophysics AC2: General Relativity and Gravitation ← Formal relation

8. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 8 PaNAGIC membership: Leonid Berzukov (Russia) Johannes Blümer (Germany) Eugenio Coccia (LNGS) [AC-2] Massimo Cerdonio (Italy) Enrique Fernadez (Spain) Chair Victoria Fonseca (Spain) Joshua Frieman (USA) Masa-Katsu Fujimoto (Japan) [C-11] Rohini Godbole (India) (Isobel Hook) (pending acceptance, UK) Takaaki Kajita (Japan) Stavros Katsanevas (France) [C-4] Paolo Lipari (Italy) Angela Olinto (USA) David Sinclair (Canada) [C-19] Steve Ritz (US) [C-12] Michael Wiescher (USA)

9. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 9 PaNAGIC activities: PaNAGIC meets once per year, in connection with major conferences in the field. So far, 9 meetings have taken place: AtlantaMarch 1999 (APS Meeting) Paris Sept. 1999 (TAUP Conf.) SudburyJune 2000 (Neutrino Conf.) Gran SassoSept. 2001 (TAUP Conf.) MunichMay 2002 (Neutrino Conf.) SeattleSept. 2003 (TAUP Conf.) ParisJune 2004 (Neutrino Conf.) ZaragozaSept. 2005 (TAUP Conf.) Santa FeJune 2006 (Neutrino Conf.)

10. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 10 PaNAGIC activities : The promotion of one or two of the (many) symposia in the fields of PaNAGIC to the status of “world-wide” conference. –This has been done for the TAUP Conference, which is now IUPAP-sponsored. Theoretical Aspects on Underground Physics  Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics Now rotating between regions: Gran Sasso, Sept. 8-12 (2001) (~225 participants) Seattle, Sept. 6-10 (2003) (~270 participants) Zaragoza, Sept. 10-14 (2005) (~270 participants) Next Conference: Sept. 11-15, 2007 in Sendai (Japan) –“Edoardo Amaldi” on Gravitational waves: Next Conference, July 8-14, 2007, in Sidney

11. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 11 PaNAGIC activities : Sponsorship of schools relevant for the field: Two schools were endorsed by PaNAGIC: Erice School on Cosmic Ray Physics (Nov. 2000) but this school has continued on its own. Particle Astrophysics Winter School, which was foreseen for winter 2001 in Israel but had to be cancelled. Our evaluation: There is the need for one (or more) high-level school in astroparticle physics, and there is high demand for it. Discussions with ISAPP school.

12. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 12 PaNAGIC activities : Sponsorship of schools relevant for the field (cont.) PaNAGIC’s role: –Sponsor (“put the label”) in one or more regional schools. To do so the regional schools would apply for sponsorship. –PaNAGIC would then check the quality of the program and the pedagogical nature of the event. –Once approved, PaNAGIC would help in finding financial sponsorship. –Alternatively (or in addition) one could take an existing school and promote it to world-wide “status”.

13. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 13 PaNAGIC activities (3): Web site –One of the major goals of PaNAGIC is to maintain up-to-date information on the status of the field and to produce periodic surveys. A survey was actually done early on. –The information is disseminated by means of a Web page: http://www.lngs.infn.it/lngs_infn/contents/lngs_en/research/panagic It also provides links to experiments and laboratories. –The page is not up to date. We intend to migrate to the IUPAP site, even though the page would have to be maintained by us. –In addition to the links we intend to have an explanation of the different fields and of their status.

14. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 14 PaNAGIC activities : Gravitational Waves : The gravitational waves community was successfully “self-organized” by GWIC (Gravitational Wave International Committee). This was an existing committee which approached PaNAGIC in order to establish a link to IUPAP. GWIC proposed that the “Edoardo Amaldi” Conference series became the main conference in the field (now an IUPAP Class-B Conference). GWIC also oversights the organization of the GWDAW (GW data analysis workshop) and the Aspen Meeting on GW detectors (techniques for advanced detectors), which is now an international event.

15. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 15 GWIC: Gravitational Wave International Committee GWIC Membership: Barry Barish (USA) Massimo Cerdonio (Italy), Eugenio Coccia (Italy), ChairKarsten Danzmann (Germany) Lee Samuel Finn (USA)Giorgio Frossati (Netherlands) Masa-Katsu Fujimoto (Japan)Adalberto Giazotto (Italy) William O. Hamilton (USA)James Hough (UK) David McClelland (Australia)Benoit Mours (France) Thomas Prince (USA)Peter Saulson (USA) Bernard Schultz (Germany)Robin Stebbins (USA) Kimio Tsubono (Japan)Stefano Vitale (Italy) Clifford Will (USA)

16. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 16 Strong cooperation between GW detectors GWIC is working with the gravitational wave projects towards developing an eventual worldwide network for gravitational wave detection. The 5 “bar” detectors: ALLEGRO (NSF- Baton Rouge), AURIGA (INFN – LNL), EXPLORER (INFN-CERN), NAUTILUS (INFN- LNF), NIOBE (ARC- Perth) exchanged and analyzed their 1997-2000 data under an agreement coordinated through GWIC (“IGEC”). The interferometer detectors: GEO (Germany), LIGO (US), TAMA (Japan), VIRGO (Italy) have also exchanged their data for common analysis.

17. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 17 PaNAGIC activities (3): PaNAGIC also created a panel with a specific mandate: HENAP (High Energy Neutrino Astrophysics Panel).

18. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 18 HENAP: High Energy Neutrino Astrophysics Panel Several large “Neutrino Telescopes” are being planned/constructed in the world. AMANDA-II  ICECUBE

19. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 19 HENAP mandate: 1 Firm up the scientific justifications: likely sources, expected rates and their uncertainties, astrophysical importance of detecting such neutrinos, and connection with other astronomical observations.  Establish the needed sensitivity and volume and examine the potential justifications for more than one site.  Identify the needed steps to reach the required detector sensitivity, and establish the scientific milestones that should be reached by the successive generations of instruments, before proceeding to the next step. 4Define with the scientists involved the elements of comparison of the proposed technologies: performance, reliability, maintenance, cost effectiveness etc. 5Identify the opportunity for R&D collaboration between the various projects. 6Define the scientific and technical criteria for the choice of site(s) for a high-energy neutrino observatory. 7Suggest international collaboration guidelines. 8Examine the potential for involvement of industry.  Explore the benefit of the facilities for other fields of science.

20. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 20 HENAP REPORT 1-July-2002 High Energy Neutrino Observatories (HENAP Report to PaNAGIC) The High Energy Neutrino Astrophysics Panel Enrique FERNANDEZ (Spain) Chair, Steve BARWICK (US), John CARR (France), Charles DERMER (US), Friedrich DYDAK (CERN), Grigorij DOMOGATSKY (Russia), Emilio MIGNECO (Italy), Rene ONG (US), John PEOPLES (US), Leonidas RESVANIS (Greece), Yoji TOTSUKA (Japan), Eli WAXMAN (Israel). http://www.lngs.infn.it/lngs_infn/contents/docs/pdf/panagic/henap2002.pdf HENAP completed its work in 2002: HENAP REPORT 1-July-2002 High Energy Neutrino Observatories (HENAP Report to PaNAGIC) The High Energy Neutrino Astrophysics Panel Enrique FERNANDEZ (Spain) Chair, Steve BARWICK (US), John CARR (France), Charles DERMER (US), Friedrich DYDAK (CERN), Grigorij DOMOGATSKY (Russia), Emilio MIGNECO (Italy), Rene ONG (US), John PEOPLES (US), Leonidas RESVANIS (Greece), Yoji TOTSUKA (Japan), Eli WAXMAN (Israel). http://www.lngs.infn.it/lngs_infn/contents/docs/pdf/panagic/henap2002.pdf

21. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 21 HENAP Report The report addresses the points on the mandate and gives specific recommendations: –Scientific interest –Required size –Importance of two sites –Coordination with other observations –Guidelines for collaboration –Future work Report has been presented in a number of forums: IUPAP, ICFA, OECD Science Forum...

22. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 22... -Two detectors in the world (North and South) are justified. The fact that they use a different technique is an important asset..... HENAP recommendations - There is at this point no justification for more than one Northern hemisphere deep-water neutrino detector of km 3 -scale.

23. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 23 One or more detectors?:

24. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 24 HENAP recommendations Developments since 2002: A joint proposal from ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR to the EU for a “Design Study for a Kilometer-cube Neutrino Telescope” (KM3NeT) has been funded. Work coordinated by ApPEC (Astroparticle Physics European Coordinating Committee). Possibility that there will be funds for construction under EU FP7 Program.

25. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 25 Summary : PaNAGIC has fulfilled to a large extent the goals set forward when it was created:  It has promoted and supported, through IUPAP, two major conferences in the field,  It has produced a comprehensive report of the status of the field, which has already proven useful for science planning,  It has helped in the convergence of two fields: Gravitational Wave Detectors and on Neutrino Telescopes (if anything by providing a forum for the representatives of the projects to discuss together).

26. ASPERA Meeting, Valencia, 7-8 November, 2006 26 Tasks where PaNAGIC will be useful in the future (in addition to continue helping in the organization of the TAUP and Amaldi conferences) Organize an International school (s) in the field. Continue to facilitate international cooperation in large- scale projects: MEGATON-size detectors for p-decay and physics Ground-based H.E. gamma-ray astronomy. Provide a forum, quite unique, for discussing multi- messenger astrophysical observations (e.g., gamma-rays, gravitational waves). Coordinate between the different road-maps in the world. Continue with the development of a much needed “common culture” in a disperse field.