1. Overview of GOES and MTSAT Platforms: Fire Monitoring Characteristics
GOFC/GOLD Global Geostationary Fire Monitoring Applications Workshop
EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany March 2004
Elaine M. Prins
NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
Advanced Satellite Products Team
Madison, Wisconsin
Christropher C. Schmidt
Joleen M. Feltz
UW-Madison
Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite Studies
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
Advanced Satellite
Products Team (ASPT)
UW-Madison
Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite
Studies (CIMSS)
National Aeronautics
and Space Administration

2. Overview
Geostationary platform fire monitoring characteristics - GOES-10/-12: fire monitoring in the Western Hemisphere - GOES-9: fire monitoring in the Western Pacific, SE Asia, and Australia - Future MTSAT-1R fire monitoring capabilities - Next Generation GOES ABI spectral bands and fire monitoring
Comparisons of minimum detectable fire size for GOES-9/-10/-12, MSG, and MTSAT-1R
Comparisons of fire saturation points for GOES-9/-10/-12, MSG, and MTSAT-1R

3. Fire Monitoring Characteristics
Current U.S. Geostationary Coverage and Fire Monitoring Characteristics
GOES-E
GOES-W
-40
-80
-120
-160 80 60 40 20
-20
-60
GOES-12 (East) Imager Characteristics
Band Wavelength IGFOV Sampled Subpoint NEDT
(microns) (km) Resolution (km)
x x bit data
x x K
x x K
x x K NA
x x K
GOES-10 (West) Imager Characteristics
Band Wavelength IGFOV Sampled Subpoint NEDT
(microns) (km) Resolution (km)
x x bit data
x x K
x x K
x x K
x x K
Satellite
View Angle
80°
65°
Fire Monitoring Characteristics
Oversampling in the East/West direction with a sub-sampled res of 2.3x4.0 km
High temporal resolution: every 15 minutes over portions of North America, half-hourly elsewhere, capability for 1-minute imaging in Super Rapid Scan Operational mode.
GOES-12 band 2 has an elevated saturation temperature of ~337 K. Elevated GOES-12 band 2 saturation temperature gives improved fire characterization.
GOES-10 saturates at ~322K resulting in non-fire saturation points during peak heating hours.
Fire size detectability limits with an average fire temperature of 750K: Equator: .15 ha °N: .32 ha

4. GOES-East Fire and Smoke Monitoring

5. GOES-East Multi-spectral Fire Detection in Canada
Date: 21 June Time: 2345 UTC

6. Overview of GOES-9 Fire Monitoring Capabilities for SE Asia
GOES-9 Imager Characteristics
Band Wavelength IGFOV Sampled Subpoint NEDT
(microns) (km) Resolution (km)
x x bit data
x x K
x x K
x x K
x x K
Satellite
View Angle
80°
65°
Fire Monitoring Characteristics
Oversampling in the East/West direction with a sub-sampled res of 2.3x4.0 km provides a better opportunity to capture an entire fire within a fov.
High temporal resolution: full disk every hour, reduced sectors every half-hour
GOES-9 band 2 has a saturation temperature of ~324 K. This may result in numerous non-fire saturation points during peak heating hours.
Fire size detectability limits with an average fire temperature of 750K: Equator: .15 ha °N: .32 ha

7. Overview of MTSAT-1R Fire Monitoring Capabilities for SE Asia
MTSAT-1R JAMI Characteristics
Band Wavelength IGFOV NEDT
(microns) (km)
bit data
in all IR bands
@ 300 K
Satellite
View Angle
80°
65°
Fire Monitoring Characteristics
IGFOV resolution of 0.5 km in the visible and 2.0 km in all IR bands. Highest resolution to date from an operational meteorological geostationary satellite
High temporal resolution: capable of full disk in < 24 minutes
MTSAT-1R band 5 has a saturation temperature of ~320 K. Along with an increased spatial resolution and spectral width extending towards the shorter wavelengths, will result in numerous saturation points during peak heating hours.
Fire size detectability limits with a fire temperature of 750K: Equator: .03 ha °N: .06 ha

8. GOES-9 Fire Monitoring in SE Asia
GOES-9 4 micron imagery
Date: 19- Mar-2004
Times: UTC -
Satellite view angle: 70º
GOES-9 visible imagery
Date: 19- Mar-2004
Times: UTC

9. Estimates of Minimum Detectable Fire Size at Various Fire Temperatures
Locations: 50°N and the Equator
Comparison of Fire Saturation Points

10. The Advanced Baseline Imager
ABI Current
Spectral Coverage
16 bands 5 bands
Spatial resolution
0.64 mm Visible km Approx. 1 km
Other Visible/nearIR 1.0 km n/a
Bands (>2 mm) 2 km Approx. 4 km
Spatial coverage
Full disk 4 per hour Every 3 hours
CONUS per hour ~4 per hour
Operation during eclipse
Yes No

11. ABI Bands MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s) MODIS/MTG/ Aircraft, etc
Band 7: Saturation temperature of 400K
MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s)
MODIS/MTG/ Aircraft, etc
Current GOES Imagers

12. GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Viejas Fire Using MODIS Data: January 3, 2001 at 1900 UTC
Simulated GOES-R: 3.9 micron
Simulated GOES-I/M: 3.9 micron

13. Summary
GOES-E/-W - GOES-E(-12) allows for half-hourly fire products for the Western Hemisphere; products useful even at high satellite zenith angles (65-80º). - GOES-W(-10) fire monitoring and subpixel characterization capabilities are reduced due to low saturation in the 3.9 m band.
GOES Although fire monitoring/characterization capabilities reduced due to low saturation in the the 3.9 m band, provides first diurnal look at fire hot spots in the Western Pacific, SE Asia, and Australia - Nearly hourly full disk coverage
MTSAT-1R - Future diurnal fire monitoring at 2 km spatial resolution - Full disk coverage in less than 24 minutes - Low saturation in the 3.9 m band with increased spatial resolution will severely hinder sub-pixel fire characterization
Next Generation GOES ABI - Enhanced spatial resolution (2 km in the IR) and high saturation in the 3.9 m band (400K) result in improved fire characterization - Full disk coverage every 15 minutes
Minimum Detectable Fire Size and Saturation Issues

14. The Basics of GOES Satellite Infrared Fire Detection
Pixel p
1-p
(Example from South America)