1. Relative, Absolute, & Mixed References

2. Relative Reference (Address) ABCD 15 26 3 4  In C3, =A1+B2 means Display sum of the content of cell which is 2 columns to the left and 2 rows above and the content of cell which is 1 column to the left and 1 row above.  When this formula is copied to other cells, the same instruction is copied.  E.g., if the formula is copied to D4, it becomes =B2+C3.

3. Absolute Reference (Address) ABCD 15 26 3 4  In C3, =$A$1+B2 means Display the sum of the content of cell which is at A1 and the content of cell which is 1 column to the left and 1 row above.  When this formula is copied to other cells, the same instruction is copied.  E.g., if the formula is copied to D4, it becomes =$A$1+C3.

4. Mixed Reference (Address) ABCD 15 26 37 48  In C2, =$A$1+$B2 means Add the content of cell which is at A1 and the content of cell which is in column B and in the same row.  When this formula is copied to other cells, the same instruction is copied.  E.g., if the formula is copied to C4, it becomes =$A$1+$B4.

5. Mixed Reference (cont.) ABCD 15 26789 3 4  In B3, =$A$1+B$2 means Add the content of cell which is at A1 and the content of cell which is in the same column and in row 2.  When this formula is copied to other cells, the same instruction is copied.  E.g., if the formula is copied to C4, it becomes =$A$1+C$2.

6. IF() Function ABCDEF 1NameExamGrade 2Adams87Pass 3Benson92Pass 4Carson68Fail 5Danson78Pass 6 =IF(B2>=70,”Pass”,”Fail”)

7. IF() Function  Form  =IF(condition, value-for-TRUE-case, value-for-FALSE-case)  Example  Assume: B2 contains semester average  Then, in C2, we can have: =IF(B2>=70, “Pass”, “Fail”)

8. VLOOKUP() Function  Suppose letter grades for exam scores are assigned as follows: A – 90 or above B – 80 or above, but less than 90 C – 70 or above, but less than 80 D – 60 or above, but less than 70 F – less than 60  Use VLOOKUP() function to assigning letter grade to a score, buy looking up a table.

9. Grade Table Lookup ABCDEFGH 1NameExamGrade 2Adams87B 3Benson92A 4Carson68D 5Danson78C 6Criteria 70F 860D 970C 1080B 1190A

10. VLOOKUP()  Format  =VLOOKUP( Value to look up, The range of the table, The column number containing the grade)  For example,  In the preceding case =VLOOKUP(B2, $G$7:$H$11,2)

11. With VLOOKUP(), Remember…  In the VLOOKUP(), the 2 nd argument, the range for the lookup table, should be in absolute address.  In the lookup table, values to be looked up should be in ascending order (from small to larger).

12. Tax Table Lookup ABCFGH 1NameIncome Tax Rate 2Adams180000% 3Benson8500015% 4Carson2800010% 5Danson3100015% 6Erickson125000? 700% 820,00010% 950,00015% 10100,00020% 11200,00030%

13. Your Turn  Given the preceding table, look up the Tax Rate for Erickson with the VLOOK() function.

14. HLOOKUP (Horizontal Lookup Table) ABCDEFGH 1Name Exa m Grade 2Adams87B 3Benson92A 4Carson68D 5Danson78C 6 7 8Criteria 9060708090 10FDCBA 11

15. HLOOKUP()  Format  =HLOOKUP( Value to look up, The range of the table, The row number containing the grade)  For example,  In the preceding case =HLOOKUP(B2, $B$(:$F$10,2)

16. With HLOOKUP(), Remember…  In the HLOOKUP(), the 2 nd argument, the range for the lookup table, should be in absolute address.  In the lookup table, values to be looked up should be in ascending order (from small to larger) from left to right.