1. FRBRoo Based Metadata Description and Integration for Art Collections An Ontology Approach Presenter: Ya-Ning Chen Ya-Ning Chen 1 & Hao-Ren Ke 2 1 Computing Center, Academia Sinica 2 Graduate Institute of Library & Information Studies, National Taiwan Normal University

2. Outline Background – TELDAP(Taiwan E-Learning and Digital Archives Program, 2008-2012, prior project: NDAP) – Heterogeneous metadata description and integration Proposed Approach Use Case Evaluation Discussion Conclusion

3. BACKGROUND

4. 4 An island with multi-culture and a myriad of creatures  Land: 36K km 2  Population: 23M  A melting pot of multiple cultures, including: - Chinese (Holoh, Hakka…) - 20+ indigenous tribes - Immigrants from Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand…  Home to more than 46,000 species of flora and fauna Development in Taiwan

5. Content Types Anthropology Archaeology Architecture Archive Artifact Audio & Video Botany Calligraphy & Painting Chinese Classics Geology Journalism & Mass Media Language Map & Remote Sensing Rare Book Rubbing Zoology 5

6. PLATFORM: Union Catalog http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/ http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/ The Union Catalog of TELDAP contains millions of digital objects from local & overseas content holders. 6 Metadata: 5,152,805 Images: 4,012,959 Multimedia: 48,597

7. metadata

8. ISSUE

9. Heterogeneous Metadata Integration An interoperability issue Diversity – Various communities, including archives, libraries, museums and herbariums. – Various metadata formats and their records, such as CDWA, EAD, DC(Dublin Core), MARC, and so on. Current approach – DC-based mapping or crosswalk – Semantic relations embedded in metadata elements are ignored and lost during mapping.

10. Proposed Approach Inter lingua: FRBRoo Path-based mapping between metadata elements and FRBRoo (Kondylakis et al., 2006) – Semantic crosswalk – Semantic relations – Core classes and properties Tools: TopBraid Use Case – The collections of Hwa Kang Museum (HKM) of Chinese Cultural University. – The collections of Chinese Antiquities at the National Palace Museum (NPM) Question Answering (QA) based Evaluation

11. FRBR OO

12. FRBR FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. FRBR is a conceptual model for bibliographic records for literary and artistic works released by IFLA(International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) in 1998. FRBR can be also regarded as an ontology for bibliographic universe for libraries.

13. CIDOC CRM A Conceptual Reference Model for museums released by International Committee for Documentation of the ICOM(International Council of Museums) in 1999. In 2006 CIDOC CRM was completed with its acceptance as the ISO 21127 standard.

14. FRBRoo FRBR From ER model to OO Model CIDOC CRM Align together FRBRoo

15. USE CASE

16. HKM Original Items Multi- spectral images Digital images Digitized into Dublin Core CDWA TELDAP Union Catalog TELDAP Union Catalog Described by Exported into Converted from CDWA into DC

17. NPM Original Item A Original Item B Is part of Event An international Exhibition Event An international Exhibition Published Journal Article Has participated in Is a topic of Is described by The National Palace Museum Monthly of Chinese Art 故宮文物月刊 A: Metadata and DL system B: Metadata and DL system

18. PATH-BASED MAPPING

19. Path-based mapping-1 Target Domain Source Domain Target Range Source Range Source Path Target Path FRBRoo Entity Metadata Element FRBRoo Entity Metadata Element Source Path Target Path

20. Path-based mapping-2 E21 Person E14 Group E39 Actor E77 Persistent Item DC’s Creator or Contributor /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor/E 21 Person /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor/E 14 Group /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor/E 21 Person /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor/E 14 Group Museum’s Object Hierarchical Relation

21. Path-based mapping-3 E21 Person E14 Group E39 Actor F27 Work Conception DC’s Creator or Contributor /F27 Work Conception/P14 carried out by(performed)/E39 Actor Literary Work-Library Semantic Relation P14 carried out by(performed)

23. TOPBRAID IMPLEMENTATION

24. FRBRoo of TopBraid

25. EVALUATION

26. QA1 An artifact of museum has transferred the right from creator to museum through an acquisition event and has various formats of digital images. Autumn Begins 立秋 Various digital formats for the same original item. Right creator Right owner Acquisition Event

27. Source: http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/11/b1/df.htmlhttp://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/11/b1/df.html

28. QA2 Discover a museum’s artifact that has been involved in an international exhibition held in Germany and selected as a topic in a published journal article.

29. Grid trellis of Round Treasure Box with Indian Lotus Décor (Ch’ing dynasty, Chinese: 清 竹絲纏枝番蓮圓盒多寶格 ) Source: http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/c6/93.htmlhttp://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/c6/93.html

30. Discussion One-to-one principle – A shared classes and properties of FRBRoo – Semantic relationships and queries Ontology-based alignment of heterogeneous metadata integration for museum’s objects and library’s literary works – Keep two different documentation approaches intact and parallel – Align rather than to change one approach and its metadata to fit the other

31. Conclusion FRBRoo: an inter lingua (i.e., a shared ontology) Explicit semantic relationships embedded in metadata elements Transform human-understandable metadata into machine- readable and understandable representation with RDF’s expression Semantic query A shift toward the semantic web

32. Thanks for your attention.