1. Hip Joint

2. Hip Joint
The hip is the most proximal of the lower extremity joints. It is very important in weight-bearing and walking activities. Like the shoulder, it is a ball-and-socket joint. The rounded or convex-shaped femoral head fits into and articulates with the concave-shaped acetabulum. Unlike the shoulder, the hip is a very stable joint and therefore sacrifices some range of motion. The hip joint (a triaxial joint) has motions in all three planes.

3. Motions of the Hip Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction
Adduction
Lateral Rotation
Medial Rotation

5. Muscles of the Hip Iliopsoas Rectus Femoris Sartorius Pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gluteus maximus
Semimembranosus
Deep rotators (6)
Semitendonosus
Biceps femoris
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus minimus

6. Iliopsoas

7. Iliopsoas
O: Iliac fossa, anterior and lateral surfaces of T12 through L5
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Hip flexion
N: Iliacus portion: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
Psoas major portion: L2 and L3
*The iliopsoas muscle is actuall two muscles: iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle*

8. Rectus Femoris

9. Rectus Femoris O: Anterior inferior iliac spine I: Tibial tuberosity
A: Hip flexion, knee extension
N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

10. Sartorius

11. Sartorius O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Proximal medial aspect of tibia
A: Combination of hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion
N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

12. Pectineus

13. Pectineus O: Superior ramus of pubis I: Pectineal line of femur
A: Hip flexion and adduction
N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

14. Adductor Longus

15. Adductor Longus O: Pubis I: Middle third of the linea aspera
A: Hip adduction N: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

16. Adductor Brevis

17. Adductor Brevis O: Pubis I: Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

18. Adductor Magnus

19. Adductor Magnus O: Ischium and pubis
I: Entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator and sciatic nerve (L3, L4)

20. Gracilis

21. Gracilis O: Pubis I: Anterior medial surface of proximal end of tibia
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

22. Gluteus Maximus

23. Gluteus Maximus O: Posterior sacrum and ilium
I: Posterior femur distal to greater trochanter and to iliotibial band
A: Hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation
N: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

24. Gluteus Medius

25. Gluteus Medius O: Outer surface of the ilium
I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
A: Hip abduction
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

26. Gluteus Minimus

27. Gluteus Minimus O: Lateral ilium
I: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter
A: Hip abduction, medial rotation
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

28. Deep Rotator Muscles Obturator externus Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior

29. Obturator Externus

30. Obturator Externus O: Rami of pubis and ischium I: Trochanteric fossa
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Obturator nerve

31. Obturator Internus

32. Obturator Internus O: Rami of pubis and ischium I: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Nerve to obturator internus

33. Quadratus Femoris

34. Quadratus Femoris O: Ischial tuberosity I: Intertrochanteric crest
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Nerve to quadratus femoris

35. Piriformis

36. Piriformis O: Sacrum I: Greater trochanter A: Hip lateral rotation
N: S1, S2

37. Gemellus superior

38. Gemellus superior O: Ischium I: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Nerve to obturator internus

39. Gemellus inferior

40. Gemellus inferior O: Ischial tuberosity I: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Nerve to quadratus femoris

41. Hamstring Musculature
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris

42. Semimembranosus

43. Semimembranosus O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A: Extend hip and flex knee
N: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

44. Semitendinosus

45. Semitendinosus O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A: Extend hip and flex knee
N: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

46. Biceps Femoris

47. Biceps Femoris O: Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
I: Fibular head
A: Long head: extend hip and flex knee
Short head: flex knee
N: Long head: Sciatic nerve (S1, S2, S3)
Short head: Common peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

48. Tensor Fascia Latae

49. Tensor Fascia Latae O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Lateral condyle of tibia
A: Combined hip flexion and abduction
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)