1. Spin Knit Vision Statement Revival of the near extinct Kenyan textile industry is the driving business philosophy of the Spin Knit management thereby defining the SKL vision statement. SKL Vision statement: Saving lives through manufacturing excellence by:  Creating a role model in Spin Knit Limited, Nakuru facility Creating a role model in Spin Knit Limited, Nakuru facility  Migrating the success fundamentals in other sick units in Kenya Migrating the success fundamentals in other sick units in Kenya  Revival of sick units to save jobs and lives of stakeholders.

2. Elements of the vision  Posterity – creation of an institution that lasts a proverbial eternal time with a distinct signature.  Leadership legacy – a legacy that is worth emulating by peers and competitors alike.  Brand visibility – that is associated with sensibilities built into the product processes.

3. Parameters of the vision execution:  CSR: corporate social responsibility- execution of the vision statement shall be inclusive.  Competitive Business management practices – the business practices should be reproducible on a wide range of cultural domains.  Migration efficiency – the rate of transferring the Spin Knit skill sets in bringing about the transformation process in the sick units shall be adequately high and reliable to inspire the confidence of all the stakeholders of the Kenyan economy.

4. Founding the Algorithm for decision modelling

5. ENERGY AND MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS Engineering research

6. ENERGY CONSERVATION Key engineering factors

7. Resolving priority factors 1. FRICTION RESOLUTION 2. VIBRATION RESOLUTION 3. ANGULAR TORQUE RESOLUTION 4. FLUID FRICTION RESOLUTION 5. INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS – FRICTION RESOLUTION

8. RESOLUTION OF SINE WAVES Dynamics of shafts

9. Shaft engineering A CLASSICAL SINE WAVE is characterized by a constant wavelength and amplitude However, in machine engineering, the shaft has nodal reference points based on application co-ordinates of the applied load The load is variable within the given nodal point and also varies between nodal points as per the original design trajectory in real life situations

10. Impact of loads and application points – design implications Cat-A load Cat – C load Cat – B load Cat- A: High impact – low frequency Cat – B : Low impact – high frequency Cat – C : High impact- high frequency 1 2 3 4 1  n indicate the applications points of the various loads in a given shaft while following the design of the given machinery

11. Determining the variables of the shaft equilibrium equation The interference tolerance between the fittings of applied load and the shaft  Shall define the amplitude  Shall define the harmonics in amplitude between each wave cycle at the given nodal point Category of the load being applied  Cat-A : HILF shall increase the amplitude at the flex point  Cat-B : LIHF shall increase discordance in the wave harmonics around the flex point  Cat-C : HIHF shall bring in drastic changes in the wave harmonics around the flex point Surface tolerances on the machining of both the shaft as also the load component  Shall bring in changes in wavelengths between cycles  Within the given wavelength domain, the rocking shall occur around a fulcrum  The swing around the fulcrum shall be defined by the phase difference between the machining tolerances

12. Resolution of loads 1.Interference tolerance resolution APPLICATION-1  Application of bush around the machining  Bush provides a medium to resolve collisions  Transmission of collisions onto the machine is subdued  Subdued impact lowers amplitude at the flex point  Directly influences the flux configuration of the motor  Reduces energy  @ spintrack design of Spin Knit dissipates the applied load along a specified trajectory at the bush point  Contributes to lowering the wave amplitude further  Flux dynamics change to radically improve energy factors

13. Resolving rotational torque 1.Interference tolerance resolution – APPLICATION-2  Choice of bearings – the definitive factors  Angular torque on shafts have three components to resolve  X-Y-Z axes are the typical axes of an applied ANGULAR torque  Classical ball bearings resolve forces on X-Y axes  Z-axis is unresolved  Unresolved Z-axis amplifies the wave  Amplified waves bring in fundamental changes in flux configuration  Unresolved Z-axis also reduces the life of bearings as well as shafts owing to the amplified waves as also a wider domain that accommodates differences between cycles

14. RECOMMENDED – EXTENSIVE USE OF ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARINGS FOR ALL ROTATIONAL TORQUE  The dotted circle exemplifies the z-axis resolution yy’ ZZ’  This is brought about by phase changes in the bearing in response to collisions XX’

15. ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARINGS  Extensive use of angular contact ball bearings at critical points replacing the OEM bearing design of deep-grooved ball bearings  RESOLUTION OF Z-AXIS  MINIMIZING IMPACT OF THE VARYING PRESSURE POINTS ON RACEWAY  DAMPENED WAVE AMPLITUDE HAS IMPROVED ENERGY AT ELEVATED SPEEDS

16. 1.SERRATED BUSH 2. APPLIED LOAD FOLLOWS THE TRAJECTORY OF THE GROOVE 3. IN FOLLOWING THE GROOVE, ENERGY DISSIPATION OCCURS 4. REDUCES THE TRANSMITTED REACTIVE FORCE ON THE MACHINE 5. ENERGY REDUCTION IS A FUNCTION OF REACTIVE LOAD DESIRED TRAJECTORY FOR EFFECTIVE DISSIPATION OF APPLIED ENERGY SPIN KNIT TRAJECTORY WITH EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE

17. USE OF SERRATED BUSH  Extensive use of bush developed at Spin Knit by energy research team at all critical drive transmission points  DISSIPATION OF ANGULAR THRUST ALONG THE GROOVE TRAJECTORY  UNRESOLVED FORCES REDUCE IN MAGNITUDE  PREVENTION OF WEAR ON CRITICAL SHAFT COMPONENTS OWING TO REDUCED WAVE AMPLITUDE  ENERGY IMPLICATIONS ARE ENORMOUS OWING TO THIS REDUCTION IN AMPLITUDE OF THE SINE WAVE

18. Resolution of loads of Cat-A,B & C  Damping high frequency collisions through springs – Cat- B Load resolution  Damping high impact collisions through rubber pads – Cat – A Load resolution  Damping HIHF collisions ( Cat-C Loads) through a) spring loading the levelling bolts and sinking the foundation bolts in rubber pads

19. Cat-A : high impact loads are absorbed through rubber pads Cat-B : high frequency loads are dampened through spring loads on the levelling bolts RUBBER PADS ON FOUNDATION

20. ENERGY SAVINGS THROUGH INNOVATIONS IN FLUID ENGINEERING Fluid mechanics

21. Comparing incompressible V/S compressible fluid equations INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS (OILS) A common form of Bernoulli's equation, valid at any arbitrary point along a streamline, is:arbitrary streamline where: is the fluid flow speed at a point on a streamline,speed G is the acceleration due to gravity,acceleration due to gravity Z is the elevation of the point above a reference plane, with the positive z - direction pointing upward – so in the direction opposite to the gravitational acceleration,elevation P is the pressure at the chosen point, andpressure  is the density of the fluid at all points in the fluid.density COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS (GASES) For a compressible fluid, with a barotropic equation of state, and under the action of conservative forces,barotropic equation of state conservative forces

22. INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS (OILS) For conservative force fields, Bernoulli's equation can be generalized as: [8]conservative force [8] where Ψ is the force potential at the point considered on the streamline. E.g. for the Earth's gravity Ψ = gz.force potential COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS (GASES) In compressible fluids, the domain of pressure variation is wider as is expressed by the equation In incompressible fluids, the pressure variation in the flow is on a narrower domain

23. Achieving breakthroughs with charge neutralization Incompressible fluids Anti static oil reduces sludge through neutralization of static charges By default reduces the temperature Viscosity is retained Flash point is delayed owing to reduction in contaminants and sulphur fragments FLUID FRICTION IS REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY ( >25%) IN CASE OF VISCOSITY OF ISO 150 Compressible fluids Anti-static oil reduces air friction through neutralization of charge-carrying micro-dust particles Air lubrication is improved through reduction of charge concentration FLOW PRESSURE IS ON A NARROWER DOMAIN OWING TO REDUCTION IN AIR FRICTION

24. USE OF ANTI-STATIC OIL IN FLUIDS  Dosing of fluids in gear boxes and hydraulic systems with anti-static oil:  REDUCTION IN FRICTION CAUSED BY STATIC CHARGE CONCENTRATION RESULTING FROM FLOW OF FLUIDS  NEUTRALIZING CHARGES ON SLUDGE RADICALLY IMPROVE THE TEMPERATURE REDUCTION PROCESS THROUGH CLEANSING  MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID FLOWS PER UNIT TIME ARE RECORDED

25. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ROUTE TO ENERGY CONSERVATION Engineering initiatives for the future

26. Energy conservation by resolving torsion through flexible couplings SHAFT COUPLING

27. Mechanical engineering initiatives can work wonders in energy management Thank You