1. Lección 11
Paquita y Sara

2. Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive
Main Clause
Present
Future
Present Perfect
Future Perfect
Command
Preterite
Imperfect
Conditional
Pluperfect
Conditional Perfect
Dependent Clause
Present Subjunctive or
Present Perfect Subjunctive
Imperfect Subjunctive
Pluperfect Subjunctive

3. Sequence of Tenses
The chart shows the uses of tenses in main and dependent clauses, however there are times when the main clause verb is in the present, the imperfect subjunctive may be used in the dependent clause to refer to an action that has already occurred (siento que no pudieras jugar al tenis = I’m sorry that you were not able to play tennis)

4. Uses of Definite Articles (el, la, los, las)
Before nouns or normalized adjectives used in a general sense, as well as with nouns dealing with concepts and abstractions (Los toreros tienen que ser valientes)
With days of the week (except after ser), seasons, meals, hours, and dates
With the names of languages (except after hablar and verbs of learning) or prepositions de or en

5. Uses of Definite Articles (el, la, los, las)
With titles (except when speaking directly to the person or before don, doña, fray, sor, san(to), santa)
Before certain geographical names (although often omitted in the press and in colloquial speech)
With clothing and body parts when ownership is established by the subject (Levanten la mano si saben la repuesta)

6. Uses of Indefinite Articles (un, una, unos, unas)
Before a noun that has not been identified previously (hubo un president que era aficionado a las canicas)
Before a noun that is modified (Los mayas tuvieronuna civilización impresionante)

7. Infinite Articles
The infinite article is omitted in the following situations:
After the verb ser when referring to an unmodified noun that indentifies professions, occupations, nationalities, ranks, and affiliations (Ella es profesora de italiano)
Before cien, ciento, mil, and cierto/a
After medio/a, tal, and ¡qué…!

8. Uses of Gerund and the Infinitive
As a noun
English: gerund
Watching a soccer game can be exiting
No smoking
As an adjective
It was an entertaining contest
Bingo is a thrilling game of chance
As an adverb
We did the tour walking
She answered the question smiling
Spanish: infinitive
Mirar un partido de futból puede se emocionante
No fumar
Spanish: adjective
Fue in certamen entretenido
El bingo es un juego de azar emocionante
Spanish: gerund
Hicimos la gira caminando
Contestaba la pregunta sonriendo