1. Q4. Discuss potential effects of deprivation or trauma in childhood on later development
Q5 & 6. Define resilience and discuss strategies to build resilience.
Study Guides and Pearson p
Social Development

2. Q4. Discuss potential effects of deprivation or trauma in childhood on later development
Introduction
Deprivation-living in a state of neglect to provide basic physical, emotional, or social needs; often related to institutionalization, poverty, parenting
Trauma-experiencing a powerful shock
Thesis: Childhood deprivation or trauma may affect later development, but recovery is possible

3. Body- Potential effect of trauma
PTSD-Post-traumatic stress disorder
Due to divorce, death, abuse, natural disaster, war
Impulsivity, agitation, hyper-vigilance, avoidance
Research
Carion (2009)-fMRI scans of PTSD children showed less hippocampal activity compared to a control
Yehuda (2001)- study of children of Holocaust survivors indicate PTSD can be transmitted from parent to child

4. Potential effects of deprivation- Rutter (2004)
Romanian adoptees in the UK- 144 children who spent at least 6 months in institutions
Cognitive impairment (neural damage)
From 6-24 months in the institution: 12%
From months in the institution: 36%
Disinhibited attachment disorder
From 6-24 months in the institution: 16%
From months in the institution: 33%

5. Recovery
No effects if children were in the institution for less than 6 months
Effects not fixed and irreversible
Most did not show cognitive impairment or disinhibited attachment disorder

6. Q5 & 6. Define resilience and discuss strategies to build resilience.
Introduction
Resilience- maintaining adaptive functioning in spite of serious risk factors (Rutter, 1990)
Approaches- risk and protective factors; contextual factors and individual factors
Risk factors-poor attachment, poor parenting, violence
Protective factors- parenting skills, tutoring, social skills training
Thesis: Adversity can be overcome by building resilience

7. Sources of adversity & resilience: Schoon & Bartley, 2008
Poverty and disadvantage
Social exclusion
Unemployment
Resilience
Academic competence
Supportive family life
Effective social environment
Employment

8. Programs The Triple P: Positive Parenting Program
Social learning- enhance knowledge, skills, and confidence of parents
Sanders (2002)- the program was effective in reducing children’s disruptive behavior
Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS)
Mentoring for high-risk children
Social support from a caring adult
Tierney (1985)-social support from a caring adult with positive expectations increased resilience