1. Virginia Woolf Virginia Woolf.

2. 1. Life (1882-1941) Her father Leslie Stephen was an eminent Victorian man of letters. She grew up in a literary and intellectual atmosphere with free access to her father’s library Childhood experiences of death and sexual abuse led to depression the death of her mother when she was 13 her stepbrothers Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Leslie Stephen with Virginia Woolf.

3. 1. Life (1882-1941) The Second World War increased her anxiety and fears. After rewriting drafts of her suicide note, she put rocks into her pockets and drowned herself in the River Ouse. Suicide Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Virginia Woolf.

4. 2. Literary career The Bloomsbury Group  In 1904 she moved to Bloomsbury and became a member of the Bloomsbury Group. This meant the rejection of traditional morality and artistic convention. Experimentation  best known as one of the great experimental novelists during the modernist period. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions The Bloomsbury Group

5. 2. Literary career Evolution of her style in her main novels The Voyage Out (1915) Night and Day (1917) Jacob’s room (1922) Mrs. Dalloway (1925) To the Lighthouse (1927) A more completely developed “stream-of-consciousness technique” Narrative experimentation with the novel Traditional narratives Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions

6. 2. Literary career A feminist writer  the themes of androgyny, women and writing Mrs. Dalloway (1925) Orlando (1928) A Room of One’s Own (1929) Describes Clarissa Dalloway and Sally Seton’s relationship as young women Deals with androgyny Shows Woolf’s concern with the questions of women’s subjugation and the relationship between women and writing Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions

7. Main aim  to give voice to the complex inner world of feeling and memory. The human personality  a continuous shift of impressions and emotions. Narrator  disappearance of the omniscient narrator. Point of view  shifted inside the characters’ minds through flashbacks, associations of ideas, momentary impressions presented as a continuous flux. 3. A modernist novelist Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Vanessa Bell, Mrs St John Hutchinson, 1915, Tate Gallery, London

8. 4. Woolf vs Joyce Woolf’s stream of consciousness Joyce’s stream of consciousness never lets her characters’ thoughts flow without control, maintains logical and grammatical organisation characters show their thoughts directly through interior monologue, sometimes in an incoherent and syntactically unorthodox way Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions

9. Moments of being Epiphanies Rare moments of insight during the characters’ daily life when they can see reality behind appearances The sudden spiritual manifestation caused by a trivial gesture, an external object  the character is led to a self-realization about himself/herself Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions 4. Woolf vs Joyce

10. 5. Mrs Dalloway (1925) Takes place on a single ordinary day in June 1923. Follows the protagonist through a very small area of London, from the morning to the night of the day on which she gives a large formal party. Clarissa Dalloway’s party is the climax of the novel and unifies the narrative by gathering all the people she thinks about during the day. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Cover for the first edition of Mrs. Dalloway, London, Hogarth Press, 1925.

11. A London society lady of fifty-one, the wife of a Conservative MP, Richard Dalloway, who has conventional views on women’s rights. Had a possessive father, refused Peter Walsh, a man who would force her to share everything. Clarissa Dalloway Vanessa Redgrave as Mrs. Dalloway in Marleen Gorris’s 1997 film adaptation Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions 5. Mrs Dalloway (1925)

12. Characterized by opposing feelings: her need for freedom and independence and her class consciousness. Her life appears to be an effort towards order and peace, an attempt to overcome her weakness and sense of failure. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Vanessa Redgrave as Mrs. Dalloway in Marleen Gorris’s 1997 film adaptation 5. Mrs Dalloway (1925) Clarissa Dalloway

13. 5. Mrs Dalloway (1925) Septimus Warren Smith A young poet and lover of Shakespeare. When the war broke out, enlisted for patriotic reasons. An extremely sensitive man who can suddenly fall prey to panic and fear, or feelings of guilt. Rupert Graves as Septimus in Marleen Gorris’s 1997 film adaptation Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions

14. 5. Mrs Dalloway (1925) Septimus Warren Smith A character specifically connected with the war. Suffers from headaches and insomnia. Finally commits suicide. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Rupert Graves as Septimus in Marleen Gorris’s 1997 film adaptation

15. The Window  It starts just before World War I. It is set during a summer afternoon and evening in a summer home on the Isle of Skye in the Hebrides No traditional plot  a series of experiences, memories, emotions and feelings held together by symbols. The story develops over a period of ten years. 6. To the Lighthouse (1927) Divided into three sections: 1. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions The original St. Ives lighthouse, built by John Smeaton in 1830.

16. 6. To the Lighthouse (1927) Time Passes  covers about ten years. The children grow up, war breaks out, Mrs Ramsay dies suddenly one night. Her eldest son, Andrew, is killed in battle, and her daughter Prue dies too. The summerhouse falls into a state of decay for ten years until the family comes back. 2. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions The original St. Ives lighthouse, built by John Smeaton in 1830.

17. 6. To the Lighthouse (1927) The Lighthouse  lasts less than one day. time experienced, and especially recaptured in memory, replaces outer time. Mr Ramsay, his son James and his daughter Cam sail to the lighthouse. Lily succeeds in finishing her painting. 3. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions The original St. Ives lighthouse, built by John Smeaton in 1830.

18. A beautiful woman and loving wife, constantly provides support to the other characters in the novel. As a mother, her main objective is to preserve her son James’s sense of hope and wonder in relation to the lighthouse. 7. To the Lighthouse: characters MRS RAMSAY Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Vanessa Bell, Virginia Woolf at Asheham, ca. 1910, National Portrait Gallery, London.

19. 7. To the Lighthouse: characters MRS RAMSAY She realizes that the beauty of this world is ephemeral and should be protected. She has the ability to bring together different things into a whole. After her death, Lily and the other characters try to reach this unity. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Vanessa Bell, Virginia Woolf at Asheham, ca. 1910, National Portrait Gallery, London.

20. A painter who fears her work will end up in attics or under a couch. Rejects the conventional image of the woman represented by Mrs Ramsay. LILY BRISCOE 7. To the Lighthouse: characters Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Duncan Grant, Vanessa Bell painting, 1915, National Galleries of Scotland.

21. Her portrait of Mrs. Ramsay embodies her doubts: at the beginning of the novel she cannot make sense of the shapes and colours that she tries to reproduce. Undergoes a drastic change evolving into an artist who achieves her final vision. LILY BRISCOE 7. To the Lighthouse: characters Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions Duncan Grant, Vanessa Bell painting, 1915, National Galleries of Scotland.

22. Transience  the idea that nothing lasts runs through the novel 8. To the Lighthouse: themes a.  Mrs Ramsay does not want her children to become adults.  The house falls into decay.  Death unexpectedly ends life. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions St. Ives, Cornwall, the setting for The Lighthouse

23. b. Loss  Minta loses her brooch on the beach.  The family loses some of its members. 8. To the Lighthouse: themes Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions St. Ives, Cornwall, the setting for The Lighthouse

24. c. Art  the ambition to stop the flux of time is embodied by the artist Lily Briscoe. d. The force of love  Mrs Ramsay believes that also love can create durable memories making moments permanent. 8. To the Lighthouse: themes Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions St. Ives, Cornwall, the setting for The Lighthouse

25. 9. To the Lighthouse: symbolism The sound of the sea  the fullness of life and the imminence of death, uncertainty. The land and the house  idea of shelter and stability. The window  the dividing and connecting point between the self and society. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions A scene from 2002’s The Hours, directed by Stephen Daldry.

26. 9. To the Lighthouse: symbolism The lighthouse a positive symbol linked to light, comfort, hope and enthusiasm, a reference point in a changing world. the inaccessible destination leading to frustration and threatening danger. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions A scene from 2002’s The Hours, directed by Stephen Daldry.

27. Woolf had been invited to give a lecture on the topic of Women and Fiction. She advanced the thesis that “a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction”. Her essay is constructed as a partly-fictionalized narrative of the steps that led her to adopt this thesis. 10. A Room of One’s Own (1929) Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions A contemporary edition of A Room of One’s Own.

28. She dramatizes that mental process in the character of an imaginary narrator (“call me Mary Beton, Mary Seton, Mary Carmichael or by any name you please--it is not a matter of any importance”). The narrator reflects on the different educational experiences available to men and women as well as on more material differences in their lives. The figure of Judith Shakespeare is generated as an example of the tragic fate a highly intelligent woman would have met. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions A contemporary edition of A Room of One’s Own. 10. A Room of One’s Own (1929)

29. She considers the achievements of the major women novelists of the nineteenth century and reflects on the importance of tradition to an aspiring writer. Woolf closes the essay with an exhortation to her audience of women to take up the tradition that has been so hardly bequeathed to them, and to increase the endowment for their own daughters. Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions A contemporary edition of A Room of One’s Own.

30.  Women’s position in fiction and in real life.  Critique of patriarchal society.  Struggle for women’s rights. 10. A Room of One’s Own (1929) MAIN THEMES Virginia Woolf Only Connect... New Directions