1. Unit 17 Avoiding gridlock
Reading 1 Smashing Stereotypes
Reading 2 Avoiding Gridlock
创思英语

2. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
If you are to write an essay titled Smashing Stereotypes, how will structure your article?
First present the stereotypes, and then provide evidence, usually from studies, against the stereotypes.

3. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Scan the first paragraph and point out what the stereotype is.
Women drivers are more likely to be involved in accidents.
In other words, gender is the most important factor in the accident risk.

4. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Then what are the other factors contributing to accident risks?
age, driving experience, weather, speed, alcohol, etc.

5. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Scan the text and circle the key words or sentences of each paragraph.
A study
Insurance premiums
Age the biggest factor
Bend accidents
Driving in the dark

6. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Distance they keep from others
Higher speeds
Drinking alcohol
Driver fatigue
Andrew’s opinion
NB All other factors are discussed in relation to gender and age.

7. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Task 1－Simple answers
Task approach:
Examine the questions.
Skim and locate the information.
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
Keys:
1 (they seek/to gain) independence
2 women (drivers) 3 age

8. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Task 2－Classification
Task approach:
Questions are not listed in order of text information.
Examine questions for key words.
Skim to find parallel expressions.
Keys:
5 B 6 A 6 C 8 A 9 B

9. R1 Smashing Stereotypes
Task 3－T/F/DNS
Task approach:
Examine questions for key words.
Look for parallel expressions.
Decide True, false or DNS.
Keys:
10 T 11 T 12 F 13 T 14 DNS 15 F

10. R2 Avoiding Gridlock Answer the questions before reading:
What is gridlock?
What causes gridlock?
How can gridlock be avoided?

11. R2 Avoiding Gridlock The general text pattern is . A. cause-effect
B. problem-solution
C. general-specific

12. R2 Avoiding Gridlock Let’s predict how the text goes:
(What is gridlock?)
How did the problem come into being?
What are the effects?
What are possible solutions?
What about the prospect of its solution?

13. R2 Avoiding Gridlock Task 2－Matching Task approach: Keys:
Study examples in the text.
Examine questions for key words.
Skim to find parallel expressions.
Keys:
1 G 2 B 3 I 4 F 5 D

14. R2 Avoiding Gridlock Task 3－Sentence completion Task approach: Keys:
Questions appear in the same order as the text information.
Examine questions for key words.
Skim to find parallel expressions.
Ensure your answers fit logically and grammatically.
Keys:
6 E 7 G 8 F 9 B D

15. R2 Avoiding Gridlock Task 4－Diagram completion Task approach: Keys:
Pay attention to the directions.
Analyze the diagram structure.
Examine questions for key words.
Skim to find parallel expressions.
Keys:
11 Global car fleet cars Nearly a million 14 a watershed air pollution

16. Homework
Practice test
Academic Reading
On the Ex-books