1. Realidades 1 Sra. Butsch Nolte Kentridge High School
Apuntes: Capítulo 1B
Realidades 1
Sra. Butsch Nolte
Kentridge High School

2. Apuntes (5.11.13): Subject Pronouns
Singular
Plural yo
nosotros
nosotras tú
vosotros
vosotras
usted (Ud.)
ustedes (Uds.) él
ella
ellos
ellas
1st person I we
you - informal
you all
2nd person
you - formal
you all he
she
3rd person
they

3. Apuntes (7.11.13) Adjectives Adjectives describe nouns
In Spanish all nouns have a gender – feminine or masculine
Adjectives must change to match the gender of the noun; person or thing

4. Apuntes (7.11.13) Adjectives Masculine endings – -o -or -os -ores
Feminine endings –
-a -ora
-as -oras
Neutral endings that don’t change –
-e -ista
-es -istas

5. Apuntes ( ) Adjectives
Adjectives also match their nouns in number – plural or singular
el chico inteligente los chicos inteligentes
la chica perezosa las chicas perezosas
The word order is opposite to English.
noun + adjective
el chico perezoso
the lazy boy

6. Apuntes ( ) Articles
In English we have one definite article – the and two indefinite articles – a and an.
We use the definite article when we are referring to a specific thing or person. We use the indefinite article when we are not being specific.
I need the chair. (means you have a specific chair in mind)
I need a chair. (means any chair will do, it doesn't matter
what one)

7. Apuntes (14.11.13) Articles In Spanish we have four definite articles.
They all mean the but you need a different version of the depending on if the noun is singular or plural, feminine or masculine.
masculine
feminine
singular el la
plural
los
las

8. Apuntes ( ) Articles
In Spanish we have four indefnite articles.
The singular un and una both mean a or an.
The plural unos and unas both mean some, but they are not number specific.
masculine
feminine
singular un
una
plural
unos
unas

9. Apuntes ( ) Sentences
For the most part sentences in Spanish and English have the same order.
Subject + Predicate
verb + other information
Becca es talentosa.
The adjective changes gender.

10. Apuntes ( ) Sentences
One difference – In Spanish the adjective comes after the noun.
the smart boy
el chico inteligente
Another difference – The adjectives and articles change to match the noun in gender and number.
the smart boy the smart boys
el chico inteligente los chicos inteligentes

11. Apuntes ( ) Sentences
Therefore, when we are using a noun and an adjective the sentence order is…
Subject + Verb + Noun + Adjective
Ethan es un chico inteligente.

12. Apuntes ( ) “ser = to be”
Conjugar = to conjugate = change the verb to tell who does something and when (presente or past)
to be – present tense
to be – past tense
I am
I was
you are
you were
he/she is
he/she was
we are
we were
you all are
you all were
they are
they were

13. ¡MEMORIZE THIS! Apuntes (18.11.13) “ser = to be”
The inifinitive verb ser in Spanish means to be. It is used to describe people and things.
to be = ser
I am = yo soy
we are = nosotros/as somos
you are = tú eres
you all are = vosotros/as sois
you are = Ud. es
you all are = Uds. son
he/she is = él/ella es
they are = ellos/ellas son
¡MEMORIZE THIS!