1. Intro to Biology Midterm Review: P1 Colin Cusack, Annika Patton, Marin Ros, Nadya Aminifard, Michael Peng

2. Key Vocabulary  Hypothesis: a testable statement that can be shown to be true or false through experimenting or observing  Experimental variable: the variable that receives some kind of treatment or condition (independent variable)  Control Group: receives no treatment, used to compare. It is important to have a control to compare and validate results

3. Graphing  X-axis: where the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is plotted  Y-axis: where the DEPENDENT VARIABLE is plotted

4. Graphing Example Label the x axis with years Label the y- axis with the number of pairs Plot the data

5. Writing a Conclusion 1. Restate the overall purpose of the experiment (include the independent variable and the dependent variable in this sentence.) Ex. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the IV on the DV.

6. Writing a Conclusion (cont) 1. Restate the purpose 2. What were the major findings? Ex. No significant difference existed between the height of the stressed plants and non-stressed plants.

7. Writing a Conclusion (cont) 1. Restate the purpose 2. Overall Findings 3. Was the hypothesis supported? Ex. The hypothesis that the stressed plants would have a dramatically lower mean height was supported.

8. Writing a Conclusion (cont) 1. Restate the purpose 2. What were the major findings? 3. Was the hypothesis supported by the data? 4. Improvements to experiment Ex. This experiment could be improved by stimulating real-life stressors.

9. Writing a Conclusion (cont) 1. Restate the purpose 2. What were the major findings? 3. Hypothesis supported? 4. Improvements to experiment 5. Further experiments Ex. Additional experiments could test various stresses being introduced at more frequent intervals.

10. More Vocabulary  Dependent Variable: factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe, which may change in response to the independent variable

11. Scientific Method 1. Form a hypothesis 2. Perform an experiment 3. Gather data 4. Analyze data 5. Form a conclusion

12. REVIEW QUESTIONS!!!

13. 1)What is the right order of these steps in writing a conclusion? a) Restate the purpose, major findings, improvements, hypothesis, further experiments b) Major findings, purpose, further experiments, improvements, hypothesis c) Purpose, major findings, hypothesis, improvements, further experiments d) Hypothesis, purpose, improvements, major findings, further experiments

14. 2) A hypothesis is… a) A testable statement that can be shown to be true or false by experimenting and observing b) A final result after an experiment c) A testable statement that is always right d) A guess

15. 3) Where would you put variables on a graph? a) Independent on x, dependent on y b) Dependent on y, independent on x c) Control on x, independent on y d) Dependent on y, control on x

16. 4) What is an independent variable? a) The variable being tested in an experiment b) The variable that stays the same c) The variable that is changed d) All the variables except for the one being tested

17. 5) What is a control group? a) The thing being tested b) The variable that is changed in an experiment c) The variable that is not changed d) All the things that stay the same

18. 6) What is the right order of the scientific method? a) Experiment, hypothesis, gather data, analyze data, form a conclusion b) Hypothesis, experiment, gather data, analyze data, form a conclusion c) Conclusion, analyze data, hypothesis, experiment d) None of the above

19. 7) What is the experimental variable? a) The variable being tested b) The variable that stays the same c) The variable that we know the least about d) The variable that we know the most about

20. 8) Why is it important for an experiment to contain a control? a) So no one gets hurt while experimenting b) So we can compare results and variables c) So that the effect of the independent variable is greater d) So we can see the efforts of the different group members

21. 9)Referring to the graph, what are the independent and dependent variables? a)Years= dependent, # of pairs= independent b)# of pairs= dependent, Years= independent c)None of the above

22. 10) What is a dependent variable? a) It is the variable that we change b) It stays the same c) It reacts to the independent variable d) It is plotted on the x axis

23. ANSWERS!!

24. Answer Key 1) C 2) A 3) A 4) C 5) D 6) B 7) A 8) B 9) B 10) C