1. Chapter 4 Circuit Analysis Techniques A) Node Voltage B) Mesh Current

2. Node Voltage and Mesh Current methods derive a minimal set of equations solve all circuit variables Node Voltage uses KCL Mesh Current uses KVL NV more powerful than MC –MC only solves "planar circuits"

3. Non Planar Circuit Node Voltage CAN solve, MC cannot

4. Node Voltage Method Basic idea—What is the current i ?

5. Node Voltage Method What if unknown voltages

6. Node Voltage Method v1,v2 label unknown node voltages

7. NV solves unknown node voltages Node: point where two or more components connect Essential node: point where 3 or more components connect all currents can then be derived

8. CleoCleo: determine the number of nodes in each circuit. Draw closed contours around each node

9. Now encircle the "Essential Nodes"

10. It can be proven... The number of NV equations needed to fully solve a circuit is Ne – 1 –Ne is number of essential node voltages (including the reference node)

11. Encircle the "Essential Nodes" in this circuit

12. Node Voltage Method 1.establish a ground node 2.label unknown essential node voltages (v1 is voltage relative to ground) 3.write KCL for each unknown essential node 4.solve system of eqns

13. Find v1, v2

14. Remember Matlab/Freemat To solve systems of equations such as 9v1 – v2 = 36 -3v1 + 11v2 = 180 use the following A = [ 9 -1 ; -3 11]; b = [36; 180] A\b ans = 6 18

15. Cleo: Problem 2Cleo: Problem 2 Find all the node voltages in the circuit. V50k = 2.86V (Watch video 4:42)

17. Do handout problems 1,2

18. NV Special Cases Dependent sources Voltage source applied between 1 essential node and ground Voltage source applied between 2 essential nodes (not ground)

19. Voltage Source between Essential Node and ground How to figure current down that branch? –you don't have to! –don't write node equation at v1 –v1 = 15V by inspection –one less unknown node to solve

20. Problem 3Problem 3 Find the indicated currents; use NV I A = -27 μA, I B = -133 μA, I C = 17.1 μA Only 1 unknown node

22. Can't write NV at v1 (current thru source?) nor V2 (same reason) SOLN: –SUPERNODE! –KCL applies to regions as well as nodes 1) Circle V1+V2 2) write KCL for Supernode 3) KVL v1, v2 and 10V Floating Voltage Source (Supernode)

23. Use Supernode NV to Find v1,v2

24. Dependent Sources all types possible adds another unknown (ix) but ix can be expressed in terms of node voltages eventually removed from node equations not difficult to handle

25. Cleo: Problem 1 Use nodal analysis to determine Ix (.027A) Video 6:47Problem 1

27. Do Handout problems 3, 4

28. Handout Problems

29. 1) Cleo:Problem 1 Write 1 NV eq at V2 and solveProblem 1

30. 2) Use NV to find v1, v2 and i1 (60,10,10) b) how much power delivered by 15A src? (-900W, del) c) how about 5A source? (50W absorb)

31. 3) Write a Supernode NV to find V1, V2(6,18)

32. 4) Find v1, v2, ix (16,10,6/5)