1. 第 5章 太陽電池MATLAB模擬 Program 1: 太陽能電池之輸出電壓、電流、功率響應
Program 2: The output response of buck converter
with load variation
Program 3: Solar cell with Buck converter

2. Program 1 太陽的日照強度=1 kW/m2時，且溫度25度C ， 當t=0~3000, 負載R=R1=6,
畫出太陽能電池之:
輸出電壓響應圖(Fig.1)，
輸出電流響應圖(Fig.2) ，
輸出功率響應圖(Fig.3) 。

3. MATLAM Program (Photovoltaicwithload1)
%太陽的日照強度=1 kW/m2)時，且溫度25度C ，(t=0~3000, 負載R=R1=6), (t=30000~7000, R=R2=7), (t=7000~10000, R=R3=8)
%太陽能電池之輸出電壓響應圖(Fig.1)，輸出電流響應圖(Fig.2), 輸出功率響應圖(Fig.3)
clear;
clc;
%參數調整%
np = 5; %並聯個數
ns = 10; %串聯個數
k = 1.38*(10^-23); %波茲曼常數
q = 1.63*(10^-19); %一個電子所含之電荷量
T = 298; %太陽能表面溫度
Tr = 298; %參考溫度
A =1.8; %太陽能板理想因數
Irr = 0.3*(10^-19); %逆向飽和電流
Eg = 1.1; %半導體能量間隙所需之能量
Isc = 0.66; %太陽能板在參考溫度和1kW/m^2的日照條件下的短路電流值
Ki = 1.33; %太陽能板短路電流的溫度係數
Si = 1.0; %日到強度 1
dv=0.01;
t1=3000;
t2=7000;

4. R1=6;
R2=7;
R3=8;
V(1) =18;
Iph = (Isc+Ki*(T-Tr)/1000)*Si; %公式(3)
Isat = Irr*((T/Tr)^3)*exp(q*Eg*((1/Tr)-(1/T))/(k*A)); %公式(2)
for t=1:10000
if t<t1
R=R1;
else if t<t2
R=R2;
else
R=R3;
end
I(t) = np*Iph-np*Isat*exp(((q*V(t))/(k*A*T*ns))-1); %公式(1)
IL(t)=V(t)/R;
if IL(t)<I(t)
V(t+1)=V(t)+dv;
else if IL(t)>I(t)
V(t+1)=V(t)-dv;
V(t+1)=V(t);
P(t) = V(t)*I(t); %公式(4)

5. %電壓響應圖%
t = 1:10000;
figure(1)
plot(t,V(t),'-b')
legend('V(t)',1)
xlabel('t')
ylabel('V (volt)')
hold on
%電流響應圖%
figure(2)
plot(t,I(t),'-r',t,IL(t),'-b')
legend('I(t)','IL(t)',1)
ylabel('I(amp)')
%功率響應圖%
figure(3)
plot(t,P(t),'-r')
legend('P(t)',1)
ylabel('P(W)')

6. Figure 1

7. Figure 2

8. Figure 3

9. Program 2 The output response of buck converter with load variation
當t=0~0.03s, 負載R=R1=1,
當t=0.03s~0.07s, R=R2=2,
當t=0.07s~0.1s, R=R1=1。
Plot:
diode voltage Vd and output voltage Vo of buck converter from
0s to 0.1s (Fig. 1)
0.029s to 0.035s (Fig. 2)
0.069s to 0.075s (Fig. 3)
inductor current IL from of buck converter from 0s to 0.1s (Fig. 4)
inductor current IL from of buck converter from 0.029s to 0.035s (Fig. 5)
inductor current IL from of buck converter from 0.069s to 0.075s (Fig. 6)

10. MATLAM Program (Buckconverterwithloadvariation2)
%The output response of buck converter with load variation
% (t=0~0.03s, 負載R=R1=1), (t=0.03s~0.07s, R=R2=2), (t=0.07s~0.1s, R=R1=1)
% Plot diode voltage Vd and output voltage Vo of buck converter from 0s to 0.1s (Fig. 1)
% Plot diode voltage Vd and output voltage Vo of buck converter from 0.029s to 0.035s (Fig. 2)
% Plot diode voltage Vd and output voltage Vo of buck converter from 0.069s to 0.075s (Fig. 3)
% Plot inductor current IL from of buck converter from 0s to 0.1s (Fig. 4)
% Plot inductor current IL from of buck converter from 0.029s to 0.035s (Fig. 5)
% Plot inductor current IL from of buck converter from 0.069s to 0.075s (Fig. 6)
clear all;
clc;
%***Set duty cycle***
d=0.75;%Duty cycle d**
T= ; % T=
N1=200; % N1=200
N2=100; % N2=100,
% PWM period Tw=N2*T=0.0005s,
% PWM frequency Fw=1/Tw=2kHz
% Total simulation time=N1*Tw=200*0.0005s=0.1s,

11. NL1=60; % Time for load in=NL1*Tw=60*0.0005s=0.03s
NL2=140; % Time for load out=NL2*Tw=140*0.0005s=0.07s
N2d=d*N2;
R1=1;
R2=2;
L=0.005;
C=0.001;
Vr=20.; %Input voltage of Buck converter
IL(1)=0; %*Initail inductor current
Vo(1)=0; %Initial output voltage
Vi(1)=Vr;
%***Calculate output voltage and inductor current***
for i=1:N1
if i<NL1
R=R1;
else if i<=NL2
R=R2;
else
end

12. for j=1:N2
k=(i-1)*N2+j+1; % k from 2 to N1*N2+1
if j<=N2d %***During Q1 on***
Vi(k)=Vr;
IL(k)=IL(k-1)-T*Vo(k-1)/L+T*Vi(k)/L;
Vo(k)=1/(1+T/R/C)*(Vo(k-1)+T*IL(k)/C);
end
if j>N2d %***During Q1 off***
Vi(k)=0.0;

13. %***Plot output voltage and inductor current***
k=1:N1*N2;
figure(1)
%subplot(3,1,1) %Plot diode voltage Vi and output voltage Vo from 0s to 0.1s
plot(k*T,Vi(k),'-b',k*T,Vo(k),'-r')
axis([0.0,0.1,-2,25]);
legend(4,'Vd','Vo')
ylabel('V')
xlabel('s')
figure(2)
%subplot(3,1,2) %Plot diode voltage Vi and output voltage Vo from 0.029s to 0.035s
axis([0.029,0.05,-2,25]);
figure(3)
%subplot(3,1,3) %Plot diode voltage Vi and output voltage Vo from 0.069s to 0.075s
axis([0.069,0.1,-2,25]);

14. figure(4)
%subplot(3,1,1) %Plot inductor current IL from 0s to 0.1s
plot(k*T,IL(k),'-b')
axis([0.0,0.1,-2,20]);
legend('IL')
ylabel('A')
xlabel('s')
figure(5)
%subplot(3,1,2) %Plot inductor current IL from 0.029s to 0.045s
axis([0.029,0.05,-2,20]);
figure(6)
%subplot(3,1,3) %Plot inductor current IL from 0.069s to 0.085s
axis([0.069,0.1,-2,20]);

15. Figure 1

16. Figure 2

17. Figure 3

18. Figure 4

19. Figure 5

20. Figure 6

21. Program 3 Solar cell with Buck converter Duty cycle of buck converter:
t=1~2000, duty cycle=0.8
t=2000~4000, duty cycle=0.81
t=4000~6000, duty cycle=0.82
t=6000~8000, duty cycle=0.83
t=8000~10000, duty cycle=0.84
t=10000~12000, duty cycle=0.85
Plot:
Solar output voltage V(t) and Buck converter output
voltage Vo(t)---Fig. 1
Solar output current I(t) and Buck converter output
current Io(t)---Fig. 2
Solar or Buck converter output power P(t)---Fig. 3

22. MATLAM Program (Photovoltaicwithbuckconverter3 )
%Solar cell with Buck converter
%Duty cycle of buck converter: t=1~2000, duty cycle=0.8
% t=2000~4000, duty cycle=0.81
% t=4000~6000, duty cycle=0.82
% t=6000~8000, duty cycle=0.83
% t=8000~10000, duty cycle=0.84
% t=10000~12000, duty cycle=0.85
%Solar output voltage V(t) and Buck converter output voltage Vo(t)---Fig. 1
%Solar output current I(t) and Buck converter output current Io(t)---Fig. 2
%Solar or Buck converter output power P(t)---Fig. 3
clear;
clc;
%參數調整%
np = 5; %並聯個數
ns = 10; %串聯個數
k = 1.38*(10^-23); %波茲曼常數
q = 1.63*(10^-19); %一個電子所含之電荷量
T = 298; %太陽能表面溫度
Tr = 298; %參考溫度
A =1.8; %太陽能板理想因數
Irr = 0.3*(10^-19); %逆向飽和電流
Eg = 1.1; %半導體能量間隙所需之能量

23. Isc = 0.66; %太陽能板在參考溫度和1kW/m^2的日照條件下的短路電流值
Ki = 1.33; %太陽能板短路電流的溫度係數
Si = 1.0; %日到強度 1
dv=0.01;
R=4; % Load resistance
V(1) =19.5;
t1=2000;
t2=4000;
t3=6000;
t4=8000;
t5=10000;
d1=0.80; %duty cycle of buck converter
d2=0.81; %duty cycle of buck converter
d3=0.82; %duty cycle of buck converter
d4=0.83; %duty cycle of buck converter
d5=0.84; %duty cycle of buck converter
d6=0.85; %duty cycle of buck converter
Iph = (Isc+Ki*(T-Tr)/1000)*Si; %公式(3)
Isat = Irr*((T/Tr)^3)*exp(q*Eg*((1/Tr)-(1/T))/(k*A)); %公式(2)

24. for t=1:12000
I(t) = np*Iph-np*Isat*exp(((q*V(t))/(k*A*T*ns))-1);
%公式(1)solar cell output currentI(t)~output voltage V(t)
P(t) = V(t)*I(t); %公式(4)
if t<t1
d=d1;
else if t<t2
d=d2;
else if t<t3
d=d3;
else if t<t4
d=d4;
else if t<t5
d=d5;
else
d=d6;
end

25. Vo(t)=d*V(t);
Io(t)=Vo(t)/R;
Ii(t)=d*Io(t);
if Ii(t)<I(t)
V(t+1)=V(t)+dv;
else if Ii(t)>I(t)
V(t+1)=V(t)-dv;
else
V(t+1)=V(t);
end

26. %電壓響應圖%
t = 1:12000;
figure(1)
plot(t,V(t),'-r',t,Vo(t),'-b')
legend('V(t)','Vo(t)',1)
xlabel('t')
ylabel('V (volt)')
hold on
%電流響應圖%
figure(2)
plot(t,I(t),'-r',t,Ii(t),'-g',t,Io(t),'-b')
legend('I(t)','Ii(t)','Io(t)',1)
ylabel('I(amp)')
%功率響應圖%
figure(3)
plot(t,P(t),'-r')
legend('P(t)',1)
ylabel('P(W)')

27. Figure 1

28. Figure 2

29. Figure 3