1. Michel Parent INRIA/IMARA – France Ming Yang Jia Tong University, Shanghai Cybercars: A Complement to Mass Transport

2. IMARA Informatique, Mathématiques et Automatique pour la Route Automatisée LaRA JRU Mines-ParisTech

3. IMARA Research Themes Driving assistance and automation –Sensors and Data Fusion –Vehicle control and certification –Cooperative behavior –Cybercars Modeling and control of transport systems –Stochastic models –Operation research on logistics –Optimization of transport modes (multimodality) Communication technologies for mobiles –VANETS, Ad-Hoc networks, 802.11p –IPv6 communications –QoS, safe architectures

4. Problems of the automobile Accidents Use of fossil energy (GHG+dependancy) Quality of life Pollutions Health Cost Equity Space

5. White Paper. European Transport Policy for 2010: time to decide. European Commission, 2001. Towards a thematic strategy on the urban environment. Communication from the EC to the Parliament, 2004. European Road Transport 2020: a Vision and Strategic Research Agenda, ERTRAC. 2004. Green Paper on Energy Efficiency or Doing More with Less. European Commission, June 2005 Green Paper on Sustainable Road Transport. European Commission, Sept. 2007 ELSA in Transport, Nov. 2009 White Paper on Transport (2010) European Agenda

6. Energy Efficiency Source ADEME 2008

7. Moving (4 km) : –Pedestrian: 1 m2*h –Bicycle: 1 m2*h –Moped: 2.0 m2*h –Car: 9 m2*h –Bus (30p): 0.3 m2*h –Tram (200p): 0.1 m2*h Space*Time Efficiency Parking (8h) : –Pedestrian: 0 –Bicycle: 8 m2*h –Moped: 12 m2*h –Car (street): 80 m2*h –Car (parking): 240 m2*h –Bus/Tram: 0

8. Favor high capacity modes when and where the demand exists Try to control the demand when and where there is a capacity problem Adapt the capacity while maintaining good service Provide individual modes for low demand Optimise the operation of the vehicles on a given infrastructure Remove the driver from the loop Transport Policy

9. Walking – cycling – rollers - HT Taxis - DRS Rickshaws Car pooling Car-sharing PRT Cybercars Individual modes alternatives

10. Praxitele (1993-1999)

11. Request from the current mayor 4000 vehicles Station to station Surface parking Clean vehicles Operator? Manufacturer? AutoLib in Paris in 2010

12. Platooning (INRIA-1994)

13. CyCab (1996)

14. CyberCab Yamaha-INRIA (2000)

15. Floreades (2002)

16. CyberCars-2 Demonstrations Video

17. CyberCars-2 Jiao Tong Univ.

18. Last Mile Link

19. ParkShuttle-2 Rotterdam

20. ParkShuttle II

21. ULTra in Heathrow

22. PRT Vehicles

23. ULTra in Heathrow

24. Time Schedule Pilot Scheme Initial Scheme Full Network Timescale 200920122014 Millions of Pass./year 0.31530 Vehicles 16150350 Km of track 3.912.848

25. 2GetThere – Masdar City

26. New Generation (Induct)

27. Translohr Neo-VAL Cristal Lohr Industry

28. Cristal

29. Dual-Mode Vehicle - CyberCars-2 - Have-IT - E-Lane

30. Michel.Parent@inria.fr www.lara.prd.fr www.cybercars.org Thank you