1. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Elliptic and Radial Flow in High Energetic Nuclear Collisions Marcus Bleicher (& Xianglei Zhu) Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe Universität Frankfurt Germany

2. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Thanks to Elena Bratkovskaya Sascha Vogel Stephane Haussler Hannah Petersen Diana Schumacher Nu Xu

3. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 The tool: UrQMD v2.2 Non-equilibrium transport model Hadrons and resonances String excitation and fragmentation Cross sections are parameterized via AQM or calculated by detailed balance pQCD hard scattering at high energies Generates full space-time dynamics of hadrons and strings

4. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Transverse Momentum Distributions: Proton-Proton PP works well pQCD needed at RHIC PYTHIA included in UrQMD 2.x and HSD

5. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Proton-Nucleus pA is well under control CC and SiSi are also under control What about AA? Inv. slope System size

6. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Transverse mass spectra Standard UrQMD and HSD underestimate the data Additional resonances of 2-3 GeV mass may improve the description mt-m0

7. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Inverse slope systematics ‘Step’ claimed to be signature of QGP onset (Gazdzicki) High mass resonances improve the description at low and high energies How can we test those scenarios?  use v2 to disentangle early and late stage E_CM (AGeV)

8. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Anisotropic flow Fourier expansion of the transverse angular distribution of the emitted particles: v1– directed flow V2 -- elliptic flow Reaction Plane

9. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Elliptic flow y x pypy pxpx coordinate-space-anisotropy  momentum-space-anisotropy 1)V2 of low pt particles is the good measure the EOS of the fireball in the early stage. 2)V2 of high pt particles is the good measure of jet energy loss through the medium.

10. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Hints from elliptic flow High mass resonances can not explain scaled v2 above 40 AGeV Data shows saturation of scaled v2 Strong hint for large pressure and short mean free paths in the early stage of the reaction already from 30 AGeV on ! Data for h-

11. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 ‘Partonic’ dof already at low SPS energy Breakdown of v2/ scaling in model coincides with onset of ‘partonic’ matter  signals onset of change of EoS in the early stage

12. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 V2 at RHIC Magnitude of v2 is large Meson-baryon ordering Constituent quark scaling Decrease of v2 at high pt Are these unique QGP signatures?

13. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Elliptic flow: Centrality dependence Integral flow V2 from UrQMD is about 50% smaller than the data, Left space for parton rescattering? STAR data is from nucl-ex/0409033

14. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Cumulant method results Integral flow In the most central bin: The fluctuations give larger v2{6} but smaller v2{4} In the very peripheral bins: The fluctuations give larger v2{6} and v2{4} Agree with the prediction of MCG model BUT: In the semi-central bins: the v2 fluctuations can be neglected. In the most central bin: The fluctuations give larger v2{6} but smaller v2{4} In the very peripheral bins: The fluctuations give larger v2{6} and v2{4} Agree with the prediction of MCG model BUT: In the semi-central bins: the v2 fluctuations can be neglected.

15. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Cumulant method results Comparison to STAR data Good agreement of the ratios with STAR data. Decrease of g2 at peripheral bins are also reproduced. (the g2 decrease is possibly from the v2 fluctuations) Good agreement of the ratios with STAR data. Decrease of g2 at peripheral bins are also reproduced. (the g2 decrease is possibly from the v2 fluctuations)

16. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Cumulant method results Differential flow At large eta, the non-flow effects are less obvious. If the v2 fluctuations are also negligible to the cumulant method, the v2{2}, v2{4} and v2{6} should all agree with the exact v2.

17. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Cumulant method results Differential flow v2{2} is heavily affected by the non-flow effects especially at large pt. The non-flow effects have been eliminated in v2{4} and v2{6}. But v2{4} is still a little larger than the exact v2. v2{2} is heavily affected by the non-flow effects especially at large pt. The non-flow effects have been eliminated in v2{4} and v2{6}. But v2{4} is still a little larger than the exact v2.

18. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 V2(pt) from UrQMD Red--Mesons Blue-Baryons 1) Clear separation of meson and baryon v2 2) Low pt, v2(meson)>v2(baryon) 3) High pt, v2(m)<v2(b) 4) The v2’s of multi-strange baryons are comparable to light baryons 1) Clear separation of meson and baryon v2 2) Low pt, v2(meson)>v2(baryon) 3) High pt, v2(m)<v2(b) 4) The v2’s of multi-strange baryons are comparable to light baryons

19. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 NCQ-scaling NCQ-scaling of v2 is roughly reproduced in UrQMD! Note: multi-strange baryons follow the normal matter

20. Marcus Bleicher, ISMD 2005 Summary At RHIC (transport models w/ strings and hadrons):  Part of v2 might also come from hadronic stage  Mass ordering is correct  Constituent quark scaling (w/o ReCo!)  non-flow correlations are correct However, transport models w/o QGP produce to few pressure in the early stage above 30 GeV