1. Lightway Rotating Ring for Wing Mounting Ville Kaajakari, PhD

2. Unique design Light rotating ring for mounting wings Supports both lift force and centrifugal force Light composite structure Optimized shape retains perfectly circular inner shape at all rotation velocities –Ring support is simplified –Noise is minimized

3. Ring cross section Core Skin Wing attachment Through wing bolts The ring is supported to rotate on upper and bottom surfaces and inner circle surface (not shown).

4. Small Lightway (4m ring diameter)

5. Total radial displacement

6. Undeformed shape Deformed shape Wing attachment holes

7. Total radial displacement Ring deformation is small (0.35 mm) and uniform (varies by less than 0.03 mm)

8. Strain (x-axis)

9. Strain (y-axis)

10. Deformation with lift force

11. Medium Lightway (10m ring diameter)