1. IPv6 Introduction What is IPv6 Purpose of IPv6 (Why we need it)Purpose of IPv6 IPv6 Addressing Architecture IPv6 Header ICMP v6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) Reference Site

2. What is IPv6 IP version 6 (Now is IP version 4) IPng (IP The Next Generation) RFC791 IPv4 header  IPv6 header IPv4 structure  IPv6 structure Plug and Play

3. IPv6 address allocation in Asia 資料來源： http://www.ipv6.org.tw/

4. IPv6 subnets in Taiwan 資料來源： http://www.ipv6.org.tw/

5. Purpose of IPv6 IPv4 address bottleneck CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) NAT (Network Address Translation) 3G and IA (Information Appliance) Network Security IPsec (IP security) Wireless Mobile Issue Triangle Issue

6. Purpose of IPv6 (cont.) Running out of address in IPv4 –32-bit vs. 128-bit –75% IP addresses in America –3G & IA production Multicast function is not useful Checksum in 2 Layers CIDR is the default usage (without netmask)

7. Purpose of IPv6 (cont.) Simply the complex Header Reduce router’s loading Extension Header More Security with IPsec QoS (Quality of Service) Auto-Configuration –Statefull(DHCPv6) –Stateless(RS,RA)

8. IPv6 Feature (cont.) Routing Table ARP Table IPv4 Neighbor Cache Destination Cache IPv6 Prefix List Default Router List

9. IPv6 Addressing Architecture IPv6 Address Rule Unicast Address(RFC2374) –Link local address –Site local address –Global address Anycast Address(RFC2526) Multicast Address(RFC2375) No Broadcast Here!!!!!!

10. IPv6 Address Rule The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x X is 16 bit value Long strings of zero bits 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1  ::1 “ 前導 0” could be skipped FFEE:BBBB:00A0:0:0:0:0:1  FFEE:BBBB:A0::1 The "::" can only appear once in an address

11. Unicast Address-Link local Link local address –Used on a single link –Prefix is 1111 1110 10 –FE80: Usage Timing –Automatic Address Configuration –Neighbor Discovery

12. Unicast Address-Site local Site local address –Used on a single site –Prefix is 1111 1110 11 –FEC0:

13. Unicast Address-Global Global address –Unique in Internet –Prefix is 001

14. Anycast Address When a unicast address is assigned to more than one interface, thus turning it into an anycast address, the nodes to which the address is assigned must be explicitly configured to know that it is an anycast address.

15. Anycast Usage A R1 R2 R3 B Anycast Area Lower Cost

16. Multicast Address flags000T (focus on T value) –0permanently-assigned (well-known address) –1non-permanently-assigned (transient) scope –1 ： node-local scope –2 ： link-local scope –5 ： site-local scope –8 ： organization-local scope –Others ： reserved Ex ： ff02::1  (link-local) all nodes multicast address

17. Interface ID Created from MAC address EUI-64 Address –Example for link-local: –MAC addr: 00-01-23-AA-BB-CC –EUI-64: –00-01-23 AA-BB-CC –00-01-23 FF-FE AA-BB-CC –00-01-23 -FF-FE-AA-BB-CC –FE80::1:23FF:FEAA:BBCC/64 <- link-local addr.

18. IPv6-IPv4 comparison IPv4 Unspecified Host –0.0.0.0 Loopback –127.X.X.X Broadcast –192.168.0.255 Netmask –255.255.255.0 IPv6 Unspecified Host –0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 (::) Loopback –::1 Multicast –FF02::1 Netmask –Prefix Number

19. IPv6 Header

20. IPv4 Header

21. IPv6 Extension Headers

22. Routing Header

23. Created only when use PATH MTU function PATH MTU ： Trying to find out the biggest MTU size. (RFC 1981)

24. Fragment Header

25. Fragment Procedure All Data

26. ICMP v6 Internet Control Message Protocol RFC 2463

27. ICMP sample AB A Ping B

28. ICMP v4 vs. ICMP v6 ICMP v4 –echo message Type 8 –reply message Type 0 –code 0 ICMP v6 –echo request message Type 128 –echo reply message Type 129 –Code 0

29. Neighbor Discovery (ND) RFC2461 Corresponds to a combination of IPv4 –ARP –ICMP Router Discovery –ICMP Redirect

30. Neighbor Discovery 5 messages –Neighbor Solicitation (NS) –Neighbor Advertisement (NA) –Router Solicitation (RS) –Router Advertisement (RA) –Redirect All these messages should fill 255 in hop limit field Link Layer address

31. RS (Type 134)

32. RA (Type 133)

33. Regular RA (Type 133) Use multicast to send its prefix to link-local scope all-nodes

34. NS (Type 135)

35. NA (Type 136)

36. Reference Site www.ipv6.org.tw www.ietf.org