1. IPv6 Keith Wichman

2. History Based on IPv4 Based on IPv4 Development initiated in 1994 Development initiated in 1994

3. Timeline of Major Events Basic protocol published in 1998 (RFC 2640) Basic protocol published in 1998 (RFC 2640) DHCPv6 published in 2003 (RFC 3315) DHCPv6 published in 2003 (RFC 3315) Mobile IPv6 (RFC 3775) and Flow Label specifications (RFC 3697) published in 2004 Mobile IPv6 (RFC 3775) and Flow Label specifications (RFC 3697) published in 2004 Address architecture (RFC 4291) and node requirements (RFC 4294) published in 2006 Address architecture (RFC 4291) and node requirements (RFC 4294) published in 2006

4. The Need for IPv6 IPv4 vs IPv6 Address space Address space End-to-End Connectivity End-to-End Connectivity Ease of configuration Ease of configuration Security concerns Security concerns QoS QoS

5. Address Space IPv4 IPv4 Uses 32-bit IP address Uses 32-bit IP address Allows for about 4 billion IP addresses Allows for about 4 billion IP addresses Not a concern in the 1970’s Not a concern in the 1970’s IPv6 IPv6 Uses 128-bit IP address Uses 128-bit IP address Allows for 3.4 x 10 38 IP addresses Allows for 3.4 x 10 38 IP addresses

6. Auto-Configuration IPv6 auto-configuration IPv6 auto-configuration Stateless auto-configuration Stateless auto-configuration Allows for plug-and-play Allows for plug-and-play Stateful auto-configuration uses DHCPv6 Stateful auto-configuration uses DHCPv6

7. End-to-End Connectivity IPv4 utilizes NAT IPv4 utilizes NAT NAT interferes with QoS and IPSec NAT interferes with QoS and IPSec

8. Header Structure IPv4 packet header is made up of 20 bytes IPv4 packet header is made up of 20 bytes IPv6 packet header is made up of 40 bytes IPv6 packet header is made up of 40 bytes All unnecessary fields moved to extension header All unnecessary fields moved to extension header Most IPv6 packets don’t use extension header Most IPv6 packets don’t use extension header

9. Quality of Service Measure of how fast and reliably data is sent and received Measure of how fast and reliably data is sent and received Limited by NAT Limited by NAT IPv6 header has Flow Label Field IPv6 header has Flow Label Field

10. Flow Label Field Allows for all packets of a certain ‘flow’ to be handled the same way Allows for all packets of a certain ‘flow’ to be handled the same way Flow: “A sequence of packets sent from a particular source to a particular (unicast or multicast) destination for which the source desires special handling by the intervening routers.” Flow: “A sequence of packets sent from a particular source to a particular (unicast or multicast) destination for which the source desires special handling by the intervening routers.”

11. Flow Label Field Flow labels can be a value from 1 to FFFFF hex and are assigned at the source node Flow labels can be a value from 1 to FFFFF hex and are assigned at the source node Not all routers support the functions of the Flow Control Label Not all routers support the functions of the Flow Control Label

12. Security IPSec for IPv6 IPSec for IPv6 Authentication Header Authentication Header Encapsulating Security Payload Encapsulating Security Payload

13. Authentication Header A cryptographic hash-based message authentication code stored as a header between the IP header and the payload

14. Encapsulating Security Payload Surrounds the payload with a header and a trailer Surrounds the payload with a header and a trailer Algorithm and key specified in the Security Association Algorithm and key specified in the Security Association Determined by partner IP address, IPSec protocol (AH or ESP), and Security Parameters Index Determined by partner IP address, IPSec protocol (AH or ESP), and Security Parameters Index

15. Auto Industry IPv6 implemented in European auto industry IPv6 implemented in European auto industry Hope for smarter infratructure Hope for smarter infratructure

16. Implementation Tunneling Tunneling Dual-Stacking Dual-Stacking

17. Tunneling Allows IPv6 systems to communicate with other IPv6 systems over an IPv4 backbone Allows IPv6 systems to communicate with other IPv6 systems over an IPv4 backbone Encapsulation of IPv6 packet inside an IPv4 packet Encapsulation of IPv6 packet inside an IPv4 packet Quick fix Quick fix

18. Dual-Stacking Allows for both IPv4 and IPv6 packets to be sent over the same network Allows for both IPv4 and IPv6 packets to be sent over the same network All routers have to be able to handle IPv6 packets All routers have to be able to handle IPv6 packets Better for long-term Better for long-term