1. IPv6 Chris Wester Dan Keenan Derek Brown

2. Introductions Chris WesterChris Wester Daniel KeenanDaniel Keenan Derek BrownDerek Brown

3. Outline Introduction to IPv6Introduction to IPv6 AddressingAddressing –Notation –Special Addresses Quick MentionsQuick Mentions PacketsPackets DeploymentDeployment

4. Introduction The creation of IPv6 began in 1996 as IPv4 would not have enough addresses.The creation of IPv6 began in 1996 as IPv4 would not have enough addresses. IPv6 will be backwards compatible, but IPv4 servers won’t be able to communicate with IPv6 computers/servers.IPv6 will be backwards compatible, but IPv4 servers won’t be able to communicate with IPv6 computers/servers.

5. Addresses -IPv6 uses 128 bit address (16 bytes). -Ipv4 only uses 32 bits (4 bytes). -So your 192.168.0.1 address will look like: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab - Notice that it is in hexadecimal format.

6. More on Addresses Two parts: the host portion and the network portion.Two parts: the host portion and the network portion. Each portion of the address is 64 bits.Each portion of the address is 64 bits. Privacy has been increased due to the large number of addresses.Privacy has been increased due to the large number of addresses.

7. Number of Hosts IPv4 has a maximum of 2 32 addressesIPv4 has a maximum of 2 32 addresses –4,294,967,296 addresses IPv6 has a maximum of 2 128 addressesIPv6 has a maximum of 2 128 addresses –340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 Roughly 5 x 10 28 addresses for every person on Earth.Roughly 5 x 10 28 addresses for every person on Earth.

8. Notation of IPv6 Addresses 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits.8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits. –Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334 If a group has all 0’s (0000) they can be rewritten as :: (two colons).If a group has all 0’s (0000) they can be rewritten as :: (two colons). Leading 0’s can be deleted as well.Leading 0’s can be deleted as well.

9. Example 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000::1428:57ab2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000::1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:1428:57ab2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0:0::1428:57ab2001:0db8:0:0::1428:57ab 2001:0db8::1428:57ab2001:0db8::1428:57ab 2001:db8::1428:57ab2001:db8::1428:57ab The above are all the same address.The above are all the same address.

10. Special Addresses There are a number of addresses with special meaning in IPv6:There are a number of addresses with special meaning in IPv6: –::1/128 - the loopback address. Similar to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 –::/96 - the zero prefix used for IPv4 compatible addresses. –::ffff:0:0/96 - this prefix is used for IPv4 mapped addresses.

11. More Special Addresses fe80::/64 — The link-local prefix specifies that the address only is valid in the local physical link.fe80::/64 — The link-local prefix specifies that the address only is valid in the local physical link. –This is the same as the Auto-configuration IP address 169.254.x.x in IPv4.

12. More Special Addresses fec0::/10 - This site-local prefix specifies that the address is valid only inside the local organization.fec0::/10 - This site-local prefix specifies that the address is valid only inside the local organization. ff00::/8 – The multicast prefixff00::/8 – The multicast prefix

13. Quick Mentions: Auto configuration: A DHCP server is no longer necessary unless the host wants to manually set it up.Auto configuration: A DHCP server is no longer necessary unless the host wants to manually set it up.

14. IPv6 Packet Header

15. More on Packets Packetizing is only performed by the hosts in IPv6 (routers never touch it).Packetizing is only performed by the hosts in IPv6 (routers never touch it). Application layer address (in the next header field) replaces the IPv4 protocol field.Application layer address (in the next header field) replaces the IPv4 protocol field.

16. Deployment ICANN root DNS servers switched to being able to handle IPv4 and IPv6 in the summer of 2004.ICANN root DNS servers switched to being able to handle IPv4 and IPv6 in the summer of 2004. The US government has mandated that all civilian and military computers use IPv6 by the Summer of 2008.The US government has mandated that all civilian and military computers use IPv6 by the Summer of 2008.

17. More on Deployment Windows XP has optional support for IPv6.Windows XP has optional support for IPv6. Windows Vista has IPv6 built in by default.Windows Vista has IPv6 built in by default. OS X has IPv6 built in by default.OS X has IPv6 built in by default. Linux / Unix has modules for IPv6Linux / Unix has modules for IPv6

18. Where is IPv4 Now?

19. References Wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 IPv6.org http://www.ipv6.org/ IP version 6 http://playground.sun.com/ipv6/

20. Questions?