1. IPv6 Addressing OCCAID IPv6 Public Workshop Meeting Weehawken, NJ 17-22 October 2003

2. Click to edit Master title style 2 Agenda Evolution of IPv6 Types of IPv6 addresses Work-in-progress OCCAID/T.Bone IPv6 addressing Please feel free to ask questions at any time!

3. Click to edit Master title style 3 Evolution of IPv6 IPv4 address space running out Can’t get needed addresses (particularly outside Americas) Resort to private (RFC1918) addresses and NAT. Competing plans to address problem Some 64-bit, some 128-bit Current scheme unveiled at Toronto IETF (July 1994)

4. Click to edit Master title style 4 Types of IPv6 Addresses No different than IPv4… (With exception of “crazy-looking” IP addresses) Unicast Multicast Anycast …but designed into specifications from the beginning, where as IPv4 did not. …also includes standards for addressing plans…

5. Click to edit Master title style 5 Representation of Addresses All addresses are 128 bits Eight octets in IPv6, instead of four in IPv4: Write as sequence of eight sets of four hex digits (16 bits each) separated by colons Leading zeros in group may be omitted Contiguous all-zero groups may be replaced by “::” Only one such group can be replaced

6. Click to edit Master title style 6 Examples of Writing Addresses 2001:0470:0112:00ed:0000:0000:0000 :0001 can be written 2001:470:112:ed:0:0:0:1 or 2001:470:112:ed::1

7. Click to edit Master title style 7 Interface Identifiers Sixty-four bit field Guaranteed unique on subnet Essentially same as EUI-64 Formula for mapping IEEE 802 MAC address into interface identifier Used in many forms of unicast address

8. Click to edit Master title style 8 Types of Unicast Addresses Unspecified address All zeros (::) Used as source address during initialization Also used in representing default route Loopback address Low-order one bit (::1) Same as 127.0.0.1 in IPv4

9. Click to edit Master title style 9 Types of Unicast Addresses Link-local address Unique on a subnet Result of router discovery or neighbor discovery High-order: FE80::/64 Low-order: interface identifier Site-local address Unique to a “site” High-order: FEC0::/48 Low-order: interface identifier What is a site?

10. Click to edit Master title style 10 Types of Unicast Addresses Mapped IPv4 addresses Of form ::FFFF:a.b.c.d Used by dual-stack machines to communicate over IPv4 using IPv6 addressing Compatible IPv4 addresses Of form ::a.b.c.d Used by IPv6 hosts to communicate over automatic tunnels

11. Click to edit Master title style 11 Types of Unicast Addresses Aggregatable global unicast address Used in production IPv6 networks Goal: minimize global routing table size From range 2000::/3 Three fields in /64 prefix –16-bit Top Level Aggregator (TLA) –8-bit reserved –24-bit Next Level Aggregator (NLA) –16-bit Site Level Aggregator (SLA)

12. Click to edit Master title style 12 Types of Unicast Addresses Aggregatable global unicast address

13. Click to edit Master title style 13 Top-Level Aggregators Allocated by RIRs to transit providers In practice, RIRs have adopted “slow- start” strategy Started by allocating /35s Expanded to /32s after sufficient use in /35 Eventually move to /16s Allocation fees waived by most RIRs for ISPs with existing RIR membership. (e.g. ARIN)

14. Click to edit Master title style 14 OCCAID’s IPv6 Setup -Started out with /64 site prefixes from Hurricane Electric TunnelBroker to quickly number backbone router addresses and bring the network online in short timeframe. (The entire OCCAID backbone network went IPv6-capable in just under a week) -Currently classified as “pNLA” transit network according to 6bone policies. -Currently receives multiple /40 and /48 prefixes from upstream transit providers and peering parties. -Application of /32 sub-TLA from the RIR (ARIN in our region) is in the plans. -We will not request “pTLA” space out of 3ffe::/16 from 6bone. It is already too late for 6bone’s experimental 3ffe:: addresses.

15. Click to edit Master title style 15 NLAs and SLAs NLAs used by providers for subnetting Allocate blocks to customers Can be multiple levels of hierarchy SLAs used by customers for subnetting Analogous to campus subnets Also can be hierarchical

16. Click to edit Master title style 16 Other Unicast Addresses Original provider-based Original geographic-based GSE (8+8) Hain’s Internet Draft for provider- independent (geographically-based) addressing

17. Click to edit Master title style 17 Multicast Address From FF00::/8 Address contains four-bit scope field Unlike IPv4 multicast, scope is explicitly defined in address Low-order 112 bits are group identifier, not interface identifier

18. Click to edit Master title style 18 Anycast Address Used to send packets to all interfaces on a network (like IPv4 anycast, not all will necessarily respond) Low-order bits (typically 64 or more) are zero Setting up IPv6 anycast is not very different than in IPv4 anycast. Small set of differences thus far.

19. Click to edit Master title style 19 OCCAID IPv6 Addressing Currently using the two /48’s for member allocations: 3ffe:4010:a00e::/48 on 6bone 2001:470:112::/48 on production Planning migration from 6bone addressing Currently handing off /60 and /64 prefixes to downstream members. -Plan is to apply for /32 sTLA from ARIN and begin handing off /40 and /48 prefixes to downstream members. -We can request more /48 and /40’s from our upstream transit and peering providers. -If you need a /48 at your site, let us know!

20. Click to edit Master title style 20 OCCAID IPv6 Addressing TBONE backbone routers still running from old legacy HE.net TunnelBroker prefixes: 2001:470:1F00:758::/64 on backbone router interfaces. Explains why you see HE.net TunnelBroker address space when running traceroute6 to an OCCAID downstream member site. Planning migration from TunnelBroker prefixes to our own sTLA once we have it.

21. Click to edit Master title style 21 Allocation Procedures POPs allocated /80s for point-to-point links between downstream member and the backbone router. We use /126 subnet over a point- to-point link that hands off connectivity from our backbone router to member’s site. No BCP (yet) for point-to-point allocation procedures. Discussions still happening at IETF. Current standard is to use /64 subnet over a point-to-point link, but many people use /127. A lot of people say /127 presents problems with buggy IPv6 implementations in some OS’es. For now we will stick with our current method: Use /126. 2001:470:112:FFFF:5F0::/80 – San Francisco GigaPOP 2001:470:112:FFFF:B05::/80 – Boston and New England 2001:470:112:FFFF:DFE::/80 – Dallas Fortworth and Northern Texas 2001:470:112:FFFF:1AA::/80 – Houston GigaPOP 2001:470:112:FFFF:15A::/80 – NYC GigaPOP 1 2001:470:112:FFFF:747::/80 – NJ and NYC GigaPOPs 2001:470:112:FFFF:ED0::/80 – NJ Newark GigaPOP and CNACS regions. 2001:470:112:FFFF:1AD::/80 – Washington D.C. and Virgnia 2001:470:112:FFFF:0ED::/80 – Chicago and Middle-of-nowhere states (e.g. Minnesota, Montana, et al) And so on….

22. Click to edit Master title style 22 Allocation Procedures Members allocated /64s in general. Want more? Get more. Just ask! As mentioned before, we will begin allocating /48s in general to members once we obtain /32 sTLA space. Many members also request /60 as well. Some so far have requested /48s (In such case, we ask our upstreams to allocate us a /40 or shorter prefix). TowardEX handles all reverse DNS for delegated address space. E-mail hostmaster@towardex.com for DNS requests.hostmaster@towardex.com TNRA routing registry must support IPv6 soon! –Will upgrade registry once Merit releases stable version of IRRd that supports IPv6. –For now we don’t support IPv6 on TNRA registry yet.

23. Click to edit Master title style 23 Obtaining Addresses and IPv6 Internet Access through OCCAID Drop a note to CNACS list (occaid@cnacs.occaid.org) with request. Will also do BGP peering with anyone. Thank you for joining! We will keep you posted for next meeting as soon as information is available.